Frederick W. Taylor based his management system on production-line time studies. Instead of relying on traditional work methods, he analysed and timed steel workers' movements and designed the quickest and best methods of performing each component. Taylor thereby established how much workers should be able to do with the equipment and materials at hand. He also encouraged employers to pay more to productive workers at a higher rate than others. The higher rate was carefully calculated based on the greater profit that would result from increased production. Thus workers were urged to surpass their previous performance standards to earn more pay. Taylor called his plan the 'differential rate system'. He believed that workers who met the higher standards need not fear lay offs because their companies benefited from their higher productivity. The higher payments were assured because they were "scientifically correct" rates set at a level that was the best for both company and worker. He insisted that no one would be hurt by the differential system because those workers who fell below the standards would find other work " in a day or two" because of the existing labour shortage.
Although Taylor's methods led to dramatic increases in productivity and to higher pay in a number of instances, workers and unions began to oppose his approach because they feared that working harder or faster would exhaust whatever work was available, causing layoffs. The fact that workers had been laid off at Simonds and other organizations that adopted Taylor's methods encouraged this fear. As Taylor's ideas spread, so did the opposition to them.
By 1912, resistance to Taylorism had caused a strike at the Water town Arsenal in Massachusetts, and hostile members of congress called on Taylor to explain his ideas and techniques. Both in his testimony and in his two books, 'Shop Management' and 'The Principles of Scientific Management', Taylor rested his philosophy on four basic principles
The development of a true science of management, so that the best method for performing each task could be determined.

The scientific selection of workers, so that each worker would be given responsibility for the task for which he or she was best suited.

The scientific education and development of the worker.

Intimate, friendly cooperation between management and labour. Taylor contended that the success of these principles required "a complete mental revolution" on the part of management and labour. Irrespective of profits, labour and management would no longer have to fight over them. In short, Taylor believed that management and labor had a common interest in increasing productivity.

1. What is differential rate system

2. Why did F. W. Taylor Conduct Time Studies

3. State the reasons for workers opposing Taylor's approach.

4. What are the basic principles of scientific management

5. What is meant by 'Mental Revolution' as suggested by Taylor

6. Explain the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.

7. Discuss the motivation theory of Herzberg.

8. What is Job Analysis How can you make use of information it provides

9. Explain the problems to be avoided in appraising performance.

10. Define and give formula for current yield and yield to maturity.

11. Define and give formula for weighted average cost of capital.

12. Explain the Brand building strategies.

13. What are the strategies to be adopted in each stage of product life cycle

14. What do you mean by Quality tolerance limit in Quality Control

15. A stock broker claims that he can predict with 80 percent accuracy whether a stock's market value will rise or fall during a coming month. As a test he predicts the outcome of 40 stocks and is correct in 28 of the predictions. Does this evidence support the stock broker's claim at level of significance (Critical value is 1.96)

16. Discuss the importance of a clear mission statement.

17. Explain the process for strategic decision making.

18. Enumerate the characteristics of Entrepreneurship.

19. What are the reasons for sickness in small enterprises

20. "Ethics has no place in business". Discuss this statement.

21. What is Career Development Discuss the role of employee in career development process.

22. Discuss the role of Assessment Centres in Employee-testing.

23. Discuss some important Job evaluation techniques.

24. Discuss important causes of employee indiscipline.

25. Discuss future of Human Resource Management in Indian context.

21. Examine the influences of different environments of marketing.

22. Explain various pricing methods.

23. Explain the role of BCG Matrix in Marketing.

24. How do you evaluate the performance of channel members

25. How do you conduct Test Marketing

21. Explain Capital Asset Pricing Model in detail.

22. "Additivity of Present Value feature of NPV makes it a superior tool of capital budgeting decision as compared to IRR". Discuss.
23. Discuss Net income approach and Net operating income approach for capital structure with reference to firm-value,

24. Explain the "Baumol Model" and "Millerorr Model" for cash management.

25. Discuss the role and mechanism of currency swap and interest-rate swap with reference to management of foreign exchange exposure.

21. Critically discuss Indian Export Promotion Policies.

22. Explain India's Foreign Trade Policy.

23. Explain the role of marine cargo insurance in international Trade.

24. Discuss the nature of international marketing Logistics.

25. Elucidate the role of international capital market in international Trade.

26. Why it is important for companies today to make their human resources into a competitive advantage Explain and discuss the strategic role of human resource management.

27. Explain the stages in the New Product development.

28.
Working-capital is the life-blood of the business" Justify the statement with discussion of importance, determinents and components of working capital management.