Archaeological findings of Mohenjodaro and Harappa provide us the opportunity to understand the nature of physical activity that prevailed during Indus Valley Civilization (approx. 3250 BC 2500 BC). War weapons, tools and implements, fortifications, seals, sculptures and other remnants found at Harappa and Mohenjodaro provide us certain information relating to life style in ancient Indian culture. One of the remarkable archaeological discoveries is a swimming pool, approximately 1200 sq. ft., at Mohenjodaro, which reveals that swimming was an important part of leisure pursuits during that period. One of the earthen seals that was found there, portrays a hero or a deity of the very muscular appearance gripping two tigers on either side of him by their throat. This shows that people had enormous strength and courage as the hero had no weapon in his arms. Another clay seal shows a man vaulting over either a buffalo or a bull as in sport. A statue of bronze dancing girls provides us the information that dancing was the favourite recreation of Pre-Vedic people. Hunting, bull-fighting, marbles, dicing etc., were popular pastime. During the Vedic period (2500 BC 600 Aryan Civilization placed enough emphasis on the development of fine physique and intellect. Aryan maintained their martial spirit for a long time by constantly fighting against their foes. Chariot race, swimming, marbles, playing of dice, hunting, music and dancing were generally practised by the people. The early Hindu period (600 BC 320 AD) shows a rich culture of physical activity. The Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Puranas, Buddhist and Jain literature reveal the social system including the pattern of physical culture of this period. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata there are a number of heroes who show great skill in archery, wrestling, mace fighting, chariot driving and the use of heavy war weapons. It may be assumed that unless great stress was laid on physical culture such high levels of perfection and performance in physical powers would not have been possible.

1. State the life style prevailing during Indus Valley Civilization and mention historical evidence in support of your statement.

2. What are your conclusion from the excavation of Mohenjodaro and Harappa

3. Why more stress was given to physique during Vedic period and state nature of physical activities practiced during the period

4. Indicate the performance of the heroes of early Hindu period and mention the sources of such information.

5. State the nature of physical activities practised by the people in ancient India.

6. Briefly explain Sheldon's method of classification of body type.

7. How transfer of training takes place in learning of physical activity Discuss.

8. Describe a structure of sarcomer of a muscle fiber.

9. State first-aid and treatment of joint injury.

10. Briefly explain about two joint muscles.

11. Define centre of gravity and state its application in sports performance.

12. Explain the meaning and effect of anxiety and aggression on sports performance.

13. Outline the principles of construction of physical education time-table.

14. Define periodization, highlight the types of periodization.

15. Briefly explain circuit training schedule for strength development.

16. Define sampling and explain its techniques.

17. Briefly explain assessment technique of BMI.

18. Enlist at least one specific skill test of each game Badminton, Basketball, Football, Hockey and Volleyball.

19. Elaborate health-related fitness.

20. Calculate the number of byes, number of matches in the first round and total number of matches for 17 teams in a Knock-out Tournament in which 4 teams are directly seeded into the Quarter Finals.

21. Critically analyse biological basis of physical activities.

22. Discuss process of energy transfer during short-term high intensity and long-term low intensity physical activity.

23. Describe the criteria for writing a good research report.

24. What do you understand by individual difference and explain its implications on sports performance

25. Calculate Rank Order Correlation from the following data

Intelligence Test Scores (out of 50) 50 m. Dash (sec.)

32 7.2
28 7.3
32 7.4
40 6.8
32 7.5
35 7.1
29 7.2
36 6.9
36 7.0
23 7.0

26. Organisation of Commonwealth Games, Delhi 2010 with create Sports Culture in the country. Keeping in view preparation towards these games do you think India will be as successful as China with regard to organisation and performance Discuss.

27. Men and women are different physiologically, biomechanically and also in Psychosocial context. How these factors affect sports performance Suggest ways and means to narrow down these differences.

28. What do you understand by sports injuries As a Physical Educator, one must be aware about soft tissue, bone tissue, joint and head injuries. Critically discuss management, rehabilitation and prevention of these injuries.