1. Explain the following (each in about 150 words)

Management by exception

Principle of accountability

Empowered organization

Trait theory

Cynical puppeteering of people

"The critics of organizational theory are of the view that modern theory of organization is like old wine in new bottle'." Examine the statement.

Organizational environment decides the success or failure of an enterprise. Do you agree? Give arguments in support of your answer.

Virtual organization emphasizes vitality and growth of an organization. Elucidate.

The theories of motivation are not competitive to each other, their inter­ relationship needs an understanding for integrating them. Suggest steps for the same.

"Quality circles tend to show little or no effect on the productivity of an organization." Do you agree? Suggest a framework to make it more responsive and effective.

"Leadership vacuum works as double-edged sword." What are the implications of this statement?

Explain the technique of management by objective. Give suggestions for making it more effective.

Explain the internal and external changes which must be taken into account by the management in framing its policies.

Line and staff functions in a modern organization are irrelevant. Do you agree? Comment.

5. Explain the following (each in about 150 words)

Job-psychographic method

360° feedback system

Merit rating vs. Job rating

Strikes vs. Lockouts

International Labour Organization

6.(a)"One thing is now universally accepted that in the long run the cost of not training is always more than the cost of training and the greater the training activity in an organization, the less the doubt about its utility." Comment.

"In an organization, we pay for jobs but not for men." Do you agree? How does job evaluation affect human relations in industry?

Suppose that your firm has gone outside of the organization to fill a position in middle management even though it has an announced policy of promotion from within. An employee has challenged this action on the basis of policy. What could be an appropriate reply?

"Indian trade union movement has failed to serve the purpose of its own formation." In the light of this statement, develop a suggestive framework to improve the functioning of trade unions in India.

What are the essentials of a satisfactory wage system? Briefly explain the various methods of wage payment and discuss the merits and demerits of each.

"Mutual trust in an organization is the main key to collective bargaining." Comment.

8.(a)"One of the instruments of industrial democracy is workers participation in management." Comment on this statement and offer suggestions to make workers participation more relevant and effective.

What is employee selection? Explain the different types of tests being used in the process of selection of employees.

Examine the influence of human resource outsourcing on business enterprise Suggest suitable measures to make it more relevant and effective.