PAPER-III
LINGUISTICS


1. Match the items in List I with those of List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below

List I List II

I. Occlusives A. Voiceless sounds
II. Resonants B. Covers alveolar trill and lateral
III. Surds C. Stop consonants, usually plosives
IV. Liquids D. Often covers laterals, nasals, approximants

Codes

I II III IV

B A C D


A B C D


D C B A


C D A B



2. Assertion Fundamental tone and overtones are produced by the vibration of the vocal cords, phonating the air stream.

Assertion Variation in fundamental tone is independent of the formants constituting vowels.

Codes

(1)Both are false



Both are true


is true, is false


is true, is false


3. The term free variation in phonology refers to

(1)substitutability of one sound by another sound in a given environment.


(2)non substitutability of one sound by another sound in a given environment.


(3)change of a sound by the application of a phonological rule.


(4)non-change of a sound due to phonetic constraints.


4. Minimal contrastive unit that captures phonological contrasts is called

(1)Phoneme


(2)Distinctive feature


(3)Diacritic feature


(4)Variable feature



5. Which one of the following is not true for lexical phonology

(1)Level 1 phonology applies at the level of class I morphology


(2)Level 2 phonology applies at the level of class II morphology


(3)Prosodic phonology applies at the level of discourse


(4)Post lexical rules apply at the level of syntax


6. Which one of the following is not true

(1)Inflectional affixes do not change the grammatical category of the stem while derivation can change the meaning of the word and its grammatical category.


(2)More than one derivational affix can be added to the stem but once an inflection is added the word does not take any more affixes.


(3)Inflections and derivations both are part of the grammar of a language.


in the English word 'remains' can be an inflection or a derivation depending on its use.


7. Derivational affixes are considered more grammatical than inflectional affixes and that is why they (Which of the following is not true

(1)create new words.


(2)change the word category.


(3)are closer to the root.


(4)give a new meaning to the derived word.


8. The history of morphology within the generative tradition is characterized by

obsession for regularity in sound change.


phonological description.


statistical approach to morphological analysis.


tension between lexicalist and syntactic approaches.


9. The complete set of related word forms associated with a given lexeme is called a

(1)lexical set


(2)set of meaning relations


(3)linguistic paradigm


(4)table of affixes


10. -er in worker is a derivational suffix.
in works as in "this machine works well" is an inflectional suffix.
in works as in "Public Works Department" is also an inflectional suffix.
-ing in working as in "a working lunch" is a derivational suffix.

Codes

(1)All four are true


and are true, and are false


(3)All are true except


(4)All are true except



11. Which of the following is correct from the perspective of Binding theory

anaphor is A-bound in its governing category.


anaphor is A-free (everything).


anaphor is A-free in its governing category.


anaphor is not A-bound anywhere.


12. A clause which contains neither a finite verb nor an infinitival as in the bracketed part of 'John considered (Mary foolish)' is

(1)Small clause



(2)Relative clause


(3)Cleft clause


(4)Pseudo cleft clause


13. Assertion The head parameter deals with position of heads with respect to their complements within phrases.

Assertion Languages like English are head-last and languages like Japanese and Korean are head-first.

Codes

(1)Both I and II are correct.


is correct, is incorrect.


is incorrect, is correct.


(4)Both I and II are incorrect.


14. Match the items in List I with those in List II.

List I List II

Reference Entity about which something is being said
Anaphora Relationship of identity to a later part of discourse
Cataphora Relationship of identity to an earlier part of sentence
Topic Relationship of identity existing between grammatical units

Codes
















15. Regarding the sentence 'The children ate a mango in the garden', which of the following statements is incorrect

the garden', is the sister of single-bar'


is the sister of 'the garden'


is the sister of


children', is the sister of Single-bar'


16. Match the items in List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes
given below

List I List II

Bank Bank Hyponymy
Big Large Homonymy
Flower Rose Antonymy
Far Near Synonymy

Codes














17. Match the following from List I with List II.

List I List II

Utterance Acts intimidating, persuading, deceiving
Illocutionary Acts referring, predicating
Perlocutionary Acts Shouting, whispering, murmuring
Propositional Acts promising, reporting, asking

Codes
















18. is a term used in the Theory of Speech Act to achieve the purpose.

(1)Felicity conditions


Phonation


(3)Feeding


Filler


19. "Mohan no longer eats mangoes." On the basis of the above sentence, one can say, "Mohan once ate mangoes." This is an example of

(1)entailment


assumption


(3)presupposition


attribution


20. Assertion Mood distinctions which appear to be universally present in languages, are variously expressed often by inflection of the verb or by the use of specialised lexical items called modals.

Assertion Modality is a specific range of mood distinctions concerned with the speaker's estimate of the relationship between the actor and the accomplishment of some event.

Codes

(1)Both and are true


Both and are false


is true, but is false


is false, but is true


21. Assertion An 'isogloss' is used to mark the boundary of an area in which a particular linguistic feature is used.

Assertion Isoglosses are not used to determine language boundaries.


Codes

is true, but is false


is false, but is true


(3)Both and are true


(4)Both and are false


22. Assertion Speech event is the basic unit for the analysis of spoken interaction.

Assertion Speech event does not emphasise the role of the participants in constructing a discourse of verbal exchanges.


Codes

(1)Both and are true


Both and are false


is true, but is false


is false, but is true


23. Politeness in sociolinguistics and pragmatics is not expressed by one of the following

(1)Special discourse markers such as 'Please'


(2)Appropriate tone of voice


(3)Acceptable forms of address


(4)Intimate terms of address

24. The term 'variable' in sociolinguistics has been introduced by

(1)Basil Bernstein


John Gumperz


(3)William Labov


J.R. Firth


25. Assertion The term speech community is used to refer to any regionally or socially definable human group identified by a shared linguistic system.

Assertion The term speech community refers to the group of people belonging to the same religion and political affiliation across linguistic boundaries.

Codes

is true, but is false


is false, but is true


(3)Both and are true


Both and are false


26. The theory, which regards that there are innate principles that constrain and guide the child and that the child does not need to select from an unlimited number of hypotheses about how language is structured, is

(1)Universal Grammar


Systemic Grammar


(3)Poverty of Stimulus


Monitor theory


27. Motherese refers to the way the mother talks to her growing child. Its features include

(1)holophrases, repetitive style, exaggerated melody.


(2)simplified grammar, exaggerated speech melody, diminutive forms of words, repetitive style.


(3)simplified grammar, large sentences, exaggerated melody, diminutive forms of words.


(4)holophrases, repetitive style, diminutive.


28. The theoretical position that while learning L2, that the learners construct an internal system of rules independent of both the learner's L1 and the target language evolving over time, is

(1)Mother tongue interference


Affective filter


(3)Language transfer


Interlanguage


29. Match the following

List I List II

SLI restricted knowledge of semantic fields to which the word belongs.
Anomia disruption in morphological structures.
Agrammatism difficulty in naming the objects.
Down's syndrome deficit in syntactic structures

Codes

















30. Match the following

List I List II

Frontal lobe Auditory perception
Parietal lobe Planning, Decision making
Temporal lobe Memory
Cerebellum Somato sensory perception

Codes















31. Which of the following is not correctly matched

(1)Nativism A theoretical approach emphasizing the innate, possibly genetic contribution to any behaviour.


(2)Empiricism Theoretical position that emphasizes the role of the environment and learning through interaction with the environment.


(3)Behaviourism Behaviourism considers language as verbal behaviour where the learner is a passive receipient subjected to environmental influences.


(4)Connectionism Proposes that the connection between different structural units is important for learning a language.


32. In second language teaching/acquisition the socio-psychological factors which play a role in the process are put under the general term of

(1)Affective filter


(2)Pattern practice


(3)Monitor


(4)Fossilisation


33. Match the following

List I List II

'Languages across cultures' Uriel Weinreich
'Significance of learners errors' Selinker
'Languages in contact' S. Pit Carder
'Interlanguage' Robert Lado

Codes
















34. Assertion I Discrete point tests are conducted on different language skills and different structures separately treating all of those as independent constituents of language.

Assertion II Close test and Dictation are both examples of discrete point tests for testing linguistic competence.

Codes

(1)Both are true


(2)Both are false


is true, is false


is false, is true


35. Read Mackay (1984) define literacy in terms of the level of skill one attains in the second language. Identify the correct order of the biliteracy skills from the minimum to the maximum

(1)initial literacy, basic literacy, survival and functional


(2)survival, initial, basic, functional literacy


(3)survival, basic, initial, functional literacy


(4)survival, functional, initial, basic literacy


36. Match the following

List I List II

I. French, Spanish, Portuguese A. Germanic branch
II. Dutch, English, Afrikaans B. Indo-Iranian branch
III. Pushto, Kurdish, Sinhalese C. Balto-Slavonic branch
IV. Russian, Latvian, Bulgarian D. Italian branch

Code

I II III IV

A C B D


B D C A


D A B C


C D A B


37. The branch 'language typology' studies the

(1)Semantic relationship among languages


(2)Structural relationship among languages


(3)Etymological relationship among languages


(4)Genealogical relationship among languages



38. "If a language has a nasalized vowel, it should have its oral counterpart." This statement belongs to

(1)Absolute universals


(2)Implicational universals


(3)Non-implicational universals


(4)Substantive universals


39. Which of the following languages have the same word order

(1)Hindi, Telugu, Meiteilon, Korean


(2)English, Telugu, Meiteilon, Arabic


(3)Arabic, English, Hindi, Korean


(4)Arabic, Telugu, English, Hindi


40. Most languages of the world have a strong tendency towards

(1)Subject-initial order


Object-initial order


(3)Verb-initial order


(4)Adjective-initial order


41. Assertion A type of reference work which lists the vocabulary alphabetically by first to last letter order rather than last to first letter order is called a dictionary.

Assertion Reverse dictionary is named a tergo dictionary.

Codes


(1)Both and are true


is true, but is false


is false, but is true


Both and are false


42. The process or result of reformulating a phrase or text to explain or translate its meaning is termed as

(1)Parasynthesis


(2)Paralinguistics


(3)Paronymy


(4)Paraphrase


43. Which of the following is not true in the process of translation

(1)analysis


(2)transliteration


(3)transfer


(4)restructuring


44. The very often quoted statement that includes "from the axis of selection to the axis of combination" was stated by

(1)Viktor Shklovsky


Richard Ohmann


(3)Roman Jakobson


Thomas Sebeok



45. The concept of 'indeterminacy of meaning' that gave rise to 'untranslatability' was proposed by

(1)Jacque Derrida


Rolland Barthes


(3)Bertrand Russell


W.V.O. Quine


46. One of the major challenges to the Regularity Hypothesis of the Neogrammarians has been

(1)the theory of language evolution


the Genetic Hypothesis


(3)the theory of real-time analysis


the theory of lexical diffusion


47. The semantic change in which an attribute of a thing is used to denote the whole is called

(1)narrowing of meaning


metonymy


(3)pejoration


contraction


48. Assertion The historical linguistics of the future will be the one which takes seriously the advances of theoretical linguistics.

Assertion Data,and the philological tools will remain significant.
Codes


(1)Both and are true


is true, but is false


is false, but is true


Both and are false


49. When two languages historically come into a contact, a perceived gap in the vocabulary of the recipient language, particularly with respect to cultural phenomena associated with the source or donor language, often triggers

(1)Grammatical borrowing


Lexical borrowing


(3)Cultural borrowing


Phonological borrowing


50. Assertion In reconstruction a hypothetical system of sounds or forms, representing an earlier non-extant state of a language, is established deductively from an analysis of the attested sounds and forms of extant texts.

Assertion This process of comparative reconstruction is dependent on existence of good written records or several known related languages where systematic sound correspondences can be set up.
Codes

(1)Both and are correct.


is correct is incorrect.


is incorrect is correct.


Both and are incorrect.


51. Assertion PC-KIMMO description of a language consists of two files provided by the user syntactic file semantic file.

Assertion The theoretical model of phonology embodied in PC-KIMMO is called a seven-level phonology, where phonological inputs are broken into seven discrete levels.

Codes

is correct is incorrect.


is incorrect is correct.


(3)Both and are correct.


Both and are incorrect.


52. Lexical functional grammar is associated with

(1)Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag


(2)Zellig Harris and Aravind Joshi


(3)Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey Pullum


(4)Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan


53. Which of the following is not true for a compiler

implements or simulates a virtual machine using the base set of instructions of a programming language as its machine languages.


transforms source code to object code.


translates source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language, e.g. assembly or machine code.


(4)Program faults caused by incorrect compiler behaviour can be very difficult to track down.


54. The term 'tree bank' is coined by

(1)Geoffrey Leech


Bar-Hillel


(3)Gazdar


Ralph Grishman


55. Assertion WordNet attempts to organize lexical information in terms of word forms rather than word meanings.

Assertion The synonym sets which form an important part in WordNet are called synsets.

Codes

(1)Both and are correct.


Both and are incorrect.


is correct is incorrect.


is incorrect is correct.



56. Which of the following statements is not correct

the minimalist program, LF is the representation that derives from numeration by applying merge and move.


is referred as 'articulatory perceptual interface' in the minimalist program.


(3)Merge is a recursive process which combines two lexical items, or one lexical item and a construction.


later minimalist work, is called 'external merge' and is called 'internal merge'.


57. Which of the following is not true of spell-out of the minimalist program

distinguishes the phonetic representation within a structural description from other kinds of information.


does not motivate any distinction between LF and PF.


(3)Movements which occur before spell-out will affect the pronunciation of the sentence.


later minimalist thinking, spell-out is called transfer.


58. In the minimalist program, a constraint which states that an operation should take place only when it is needed, and not before that is

(1)Greed


Spell-out


(3)Procrastinate


Last resort


59. Which of the following statements is not true

(1)Word order is fairly flexible in non-configurational languages.


(2)Grammatical relations are only signalled by word order.


(3)Hindi/Urdu is included under non-configurational languages.


(4)English is included under configurational languages.


60. In the minimalist program, the term used for the set of operations required by the process of sentence composition is

(1)Computational system


Strict subcategorization


(3)Binding


Lexical decomposition


61. A unit of rhythm in languages that displays isochrony is called

(1)Syllable


Morpheme


(3)Foot


Word




62. A phonological theory that views phonology as comprising several tiers where the segments of the segmental tier are associated to the tones in the tonal tier through association lines is called

(1)Structural phonology


Lexical phonology


(3)Prosodic phonology


Autosegmental phonology


63. Which one of the following is not true for autosegmental phonology in the context of well-formedness conditions

(1)Each vowel must be associated with at least one tone.


(2)Each tone must be associated with at least one vowel.


(3)Association lines may cross each other.


(4)Associate free tones to tone-bearing units going from left to right.


64. Which one of the following is not true in context of tableau in optimality theory

(1)Candidate sets are shown vertically under the column of input.


(2)Dashed lines show ranking which is not crucial.


figure of hand indicates optimal candidate.


indicates fatal violation.


65. Which of the following is not true for optimality theory

utilizes covert rules


dispenses with overt rules


utilizes a hierarchy of constraints


controls surface forms by violable constraints


66. While turn-taking in general is a strategy by which human beings regulate many aspects of social life, such as traffic control, customer service, etc., one of the major techniques of turn-taking in conversation is

(1)Communicative competence


Network theory


(3)Self-selection


Verbal repertoire



67. A standard language that is a reference point performs the

(1)Prescriptive function


Descriptive function


(3)Qualitative function


Quantitative function


68. The range of varieties of a language available for use by a speaker, each of which enables him/her to perform a definite social role is called

(1)Language


Dialect


(3)Sociolect


Repertoire


69. Which of the following is an example of English as a sexist language

(1)Chairperson


Doctor


(3)Engineer

Postman


70. When speakers in their speech produe a linguistic form beyond the point set by the variety of language that the speakers have as target, it is called

(1)Neologism


Hyperbole


(3)Hypercorrection


Hypophonemic change


71. Extent of language impairment in mental retardation largely correlates with which one of the following

(1)the chronological age of the person


(2)how many languages are spoken by the person


(3)the extent of retardation


(4)educational background of the person


72. Match the following

List I List II

Speech comprehension deficit Broca's aphasia
Inability to repeat spoken language Wernicke's aphasia
Speech producton deficit Anomia
Naming impairment Conduction aphasia

Codes
















73. Broca's area is an area in the left hemisphere of the brain which is associated with syntactic structure of language. It's location is identified as

23-24


(2)front part of parietal lobe


(3)back part of the frontal lobe


(4)temporal lobe


74. Match the following

List I List II

Language-related reading and writing disorder Surface dyslexia
Difficulties related to reading and writing in childhood Deep dyslexia
Inability to decode words phonologically Dyslexia
Ability to decode words phonologically, but inability to recognize whole words Developmental dyslexia

Codes















75. Which of the following is always involved in communication among animals

(1)selecting from a small repertoire of signals that are innate, made of components that could be combined in other sequences, and are largely voluntary.


(2)selecting from a large repertoire of signals that are innate, made of components that could be combined in other sequences, and are largely involuntary.


(3)selecting from a small repertoire of signals that are innate, made of components that could be combined in other sequences, and are largely involuntary.


(4)selecting from a small repertoire of signals that are innate, holistic in nature rather than being made up of components that could be combined in other sequences, and are largely involuntary.