PAPER-III

LINGUISTIC
Signature and Name of Invigilator
1.
(Signature)

(Name) Roll No.


2.
(Signature) (In figures as per admission card) (Name)




J 3 1 1 1

Roll (In words)
Time 2 1/2 hours] [Maximum Marks 200
Number of Pages in this Booklet 32 Number of Questions in this Booklet 19


Instructions for the Candidates

1.
Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page.

2.
Answer to short answer/essay type questions are to be given in the space provided below each question or after the questions in the Test Booklet itself.


No Additional Sheets are to be used.

3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below
To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet.
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4.
Read instructions given inside carefully.

5.
One page is attached for Rough Work at the end of the booklet before the Evaluation Sheet.

6.
If you write your Name, Roll Number, Phone Number or put any mark on any part of the Answer Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, or use abusive language or employ any other unfair means, you will render yourself liable to disqualification.

7.
You have to return the test booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall.

8.
Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen.

9.
Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited.


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1.
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2.
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3.
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Ûú¾Ö¸ü ¯Öéšü ¯Ö¸ü "û¯Öê ×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖ®ÖãÃÖÖ¸ü ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ Ûêú ¯Öéšü ŸÖ£ÖÖ ¯ÖÏ¿®ÖÖë Ûúß ÃÖÓܵÖÖ ÛúÖê †""ûß ŸÖ¸üÆü "ÖîÛú Ûú¸ü »Öë ×Ûú µÖê ¯Öæ¸êü Æïü … ¤üÖêÂÖ¯ÖæÞÖÔ ¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ ×•Ö®Ö´Öë ¯Öéšü/¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Ûú´Ö ÆüÖë µÖÖ ¤ãü²ÖÖ¸üÖ †Ö ÝÖµÖê ÆüÖë µÖÖ ÃÖß׸üµÖ»Ö ´Öë ÆüÖë †£ÖÖÔŸÖË ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ¯ÖÏÛúÖ¸ü Ûúß ¡Öã×™ü¯ÖæÞÖÔ ¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ Ã¾ÖßÛúÖ¸ü Ûú¸ëü ŸÖ£ÖÖ ˆÃÖß ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ˆÃÖê »ÖÖî™üÖÛú¸ü ˆÃÖÛêú ãÖÖ®Ö ¯Ö¸ü ¤æüÃÖ¸üß ÃÖÆüß ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ »Öê »Öë … ‡ÃÖÛêú ×»Ö‹ †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê ¯ÖÖÑ"Ö ×´Ö®Ö™ü פüµÖê •ÖÖµÖëÝÖê … ˆÃÖÛêú ²ÖÖ¤ü ŸÖÖê †Ö¯ÖÛúß ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö­¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ ¾ÖÖ¯ÖÃÖ »Öß •ÖÖµÖêÝÖß †Öî¸ü Æüß †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê †×ŸÖ׸üŒŸÖ ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ×¤üµÖÖ •ÖÖµÖêÝÖÖ …


4.
†®¤ü¸ü פüµÖê ÝÖµÖê ×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖë ÛúÖê ¬µÖÖ®Ö¯Öæ¾ÖÔÛú ¯ÖœÌëü …

5.
ˆ¢Ö¸ü-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ Ûêú †®ŸÖ ´Öë Ûú""ÖÖ ÛúÖ´Ö (Rough Work) Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ´Ö滵ÖÖÓÛú®Ö ¿Öß™ü ÃÖê ¯ÖÆü»Öê ‹Ûú ¯Öéšü פüµÖÖ Æãü†Ö Æîü …

6.
µÖפü †Ö¯Ö ˆ¢Ö¸ü-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ ¯Ö¸ü ×®ÖµÖŸÖ Ã£ÖÖ®Ö Ûêú †»ÖÖ¾ÖÖ †¯Ö®ÖÖ ¸üÖê»Ö ±úÖê®Ö ®Ö´²Ö¸ü µÖÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô ³Öß ‹êÃÖÖ ×"ÖÅ®Ö ×•ÖÃÖÃÖê †Ö¯ÖÛúß ¯ÖÆü"ÖÖ®Ö ÆüÖê ÃÖÛêú, †Ó×ÛúŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê Æïü †£Ö¾ÖÖ †³Ö¦ü ³ÖÖÂÖÖ ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê µÖÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô †®µÖ †®Öã×"ÖŸÖ ÃÖÖ¬Ö®Ö ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê ŸÖÖê ¯Ö¸üßõÖÖ Ûêú ×»ÖµÖê †µÖÖêÝµÖ 'ÖÖê×ÂÖŸÖ ×ÛúµÖê •ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü …

7.
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8.
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9.
×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ¯ÖÏÛúÖ¸ü ÛúÖ ÃÖÓÝÖÞÖÛú (Ûêú»ÖÛãú»Öê™ü¸ü) µÖÖ »ÖÖòÝÖ ™êü²Ö»Ö †Öפü ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ ¾ÖÙ•ÖŸÖ Æîü …




J-31-11 P.T.O.

LINGUISTIC
³ÖÖÂÖÖ

PAPER-III ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö¯Ö¡Ö-III
Note This paper is of two hundred marks containing four sections. Candidates are required to attempt the questions contained in these sections according to the detailed instructions given therein.
µÖÆü ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö¯Ö¡Ö ¤üÖê ÃÖÖî †Ó.úÖë .úÖ Æîü ‹¾ÖÓ ‡ÃÖ´Öë "ÖÖ¸ü .ÖÓ›ü Æïü … †³µÖÙ£ÖµÖÖë .úÖê ‡-Ö´Öë ÃÖ´ÖÖ×ÆüŸÖ ¯ÖÏ¿-ÖÖë .êú ˆ¢Ö¸ü
†»Ö.Ö ×¤üµÖê .ÖµÖê ×¾ÖßÖéŸÖ ×-Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖë .êú †-ÖãÃÖÖ¸ü ¤üê-ÖÖ Æîü …

SECTION I


.Ö›Óü I
Note This section consists of two essay type questions of twenty marks each, to be answered in about five hundred words each. ×
20 40 marks)
‡ÃÖ .ÖÓ›ü ´Öë ²ÖßÃÖ-²ÖßÃÖ †Ó.úÖë .úê¤üÖê ×-Ö²Ö-¬ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö Æïü … ¯ÖŸµÏÖê.ú .úÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü »Ö.Ö³Ö.Ö ¯ÖÖÑ"Ö ÃÖÖî ¿Ö²¤üÖë ´Öë
†¯Öê×.ÖŸÖ Æîü … (2 ×
20 40 †.úÓ)
1. The bottom line for linguistics is that the analysis of language must reflect the way it is actually used, not some one's idealised vision of how it should be used. Discuss.
³ÖÖÂÖÖ ´Öë ´Öæ»Ö ²ÖÖŸÖ µÖÆü Æîü ×.ú ³ÖÖÂÖÖ ×¾Ö¿»ÖêÂÖ.Ö ÃÖê ‡ÃÖ.úÖ ÃÖÆüß ºþ¯Ö ¯ÖÏ»Ö×.ÖŸÖ ×.ú ‡ÃÖê ×.úÃÖß ¾µÖÛŒŸÖ .úß
†Ö¤ü¿ÖÔ ¥Û™ü .êÖãÃÖ¸ü ¯Öϵ֌Ÿ×.úµÖÖ •Ö‹ … "Ö"ÖÔ .úßוÖüú †-ÖãÖ ÖÖ‹…
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
'What does it mean to know a language To answer this question it is first necessary to understand the resources that a language makes available to its native speakers, those who have acquired it as children in a natural setting'. Look at the statement and critically examine the significance of mother tongue in education.
×.úÃÖß ³ÖÖÂÖÖ .úÖê ÃÖê ŒµÖÖ †×³Ö¯ÖÏÖµÖ Æîü ‡ÃÖ ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö .úÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü ¤êü-Öê .êú ×»Ö‹ ¯ÖÏ£Ö´Ö µÖÆü ÃÖ´Ö—Ö-ÖÖ †Ö¾Ö¿µÖ.ú Æîü ×.ú ³ÖÖÂÖÖ †¯Ö-Öê ´Ö»æÖ ¾ÖŒŸÖÖ†Öë .êú ×»Ö‹ ŒµÖÖ ÄÖÖŸêÖ ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö .ú¸ü¾ÖÖŸÖß Æîü ‡ÃÖ ³ÖÖÂÖÖ .êú .úÖê †¯Ö-Öê ¿Öî¿Ö¾Ö ´Öë
†Öî¸ü ¯ÖÖÏ.úןéÖ.ú ¯Ö׸ü¾Öê¿Ö ´Öë †Ù•ÖŸÖ ×.úµÖÖ Æîü … ‡ÃÖ .ú£Ö-Ö .úÖê ´Öë ¸ü.ÖŸÖê Æãü‹ ´ÖÖŸÖé³ÖÖÂÖÖ .êú ´ÖÆüŸ¾Ö .úÖ ÃÖ´Öß.ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯Ö¸üß.Ö.Ö .úßו֋ …
2. Discuss the role of HPSG in computational linguistics.
†×³Ö.ú»Ö-ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ³ÖÖÂÖÖ (Computational linguistics) ´Öë ¯Öß ‹ÃÖ .úß ŒµÖÖ ³Öæ×´Ö.úÖ Æîü "Ö"ÖÖÔ .úßו֋ …
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Explain AGR based case theory.
•Öß †Ö¸ü' †Ö¬ÖÖ׸üŸÖ .úÖ¸ü.ú ×ÃÖ¨üÖ-ŸÖ .úÖê ïÖ™ü .úßו֋ …

OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Do you agree that Optimality theory blends two lines of exploration (constraints in
grammar and derivationless phonology
ŒµÖÖ †Ö¯Ö ÃÖÆü´ÖŸÖ Æïü ×.ú †Ö¯™üß´Öê×»Ö™üß ×ÃÖ¨üÖ-ŸÖ (Optimality theory) ¤üÖê ¯ÖÏ.úÖ¸ü .êú †-¾ÖêÂÖ.ÖÖë­¾µÖÖ.ú¸ü.Ö ´Öë
²ÖÖ¬µÖŸÖÖ †Ö¸îü ¾µÖãŸÖ¯Ö×¢Ö¸ü×ÆüŸÖ þÖ×-Ö´Ö ×¾Ö-ÖÖ-Ö­.úÖê ×´Ö»ÖÖŸÖÖ Æîü

OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
How is gender identity marked in languages Explain with suitable examples from any language of the Indian sub-continent.
³ÖÖÂÖÖ†Öë ´Öë Ø»Ö.Ö­¯ÖÆü"ÖÖ-Ö .îúÃÖê .úß •ÖÖŸÖß Æîü ‡ÃÖê ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ˆ¯Ö«üß¯Ö .úß ×.úÃÖß ³ÖÖÂÖÖ ÃÖê ÃÖÖê¤üÖÆü¸ü.Ö Ã¯Ö™ü .úßו֋ …
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Discuss the Global model of brain language study.
´ÖÛßÖÂ.ú­³ÖÖÂÖÖ †¬µÖµÖ-Ö .êú ¾ÖîÛ¿¾Ö.ú ´ÖÖò›ü»Ö .úß ¾µÖÖ.µÖÖ .úßו֋ …
SECTION II


.Ö›Óü II
Note This section contains three questions of the electives/specializations. The candidate has to choose only one elective/specialization and answer all the three questions contained therein. Each question carries fifteen marks and is to be answered in about three hundred words. ×
15 45 marks)
™Öü ÏÖ.ú ‹ÛÖêÖŸÖŸÖß-Ö ¯ÖÆïÖÖ.Ö»
‡ÃÖ .Ó›´Öë ¯ÖŸµêê""û.ú ‡.úÖ‡Ô ×¾¿ÖÂÖ-ÖÖ Ãê Ï¿-Ö ü … †³µÖ£á .úê êú¾Ö ‹.ú ‹êÛ""û.ú
‡.úÖ‡Ô ×¾Ö¿ÖêÂÖ-ÖŸÖÖ .úÖê "Öã-Ö.ú¸ü ˆÃÖß .êú ŸÖß-ÖÖë ¯ÖÏ¿-ÖÖë .êú ˆ¢Ö¸ü ¤êü-Öê Æïü … ¯ÖÏŸµÖê.ú ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö ¯Ö-¦üÆü †Ó.úÖë .úÖ Æîü ¾Ö ˆÃÖ.úÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü »Ö.Ö³Ö.Ö ÃÖÖî (300) ¿Ö²¤üÖë ´Öë †¯Öê×.ÖŸÖ Æîü … ×
15 45 †Ó.ú)
Elective I ×¾Ö.ú»¯Ö I
3. Critically examine how computational linguistics seeks to resolve reference and compositionality.
†
׳Ö.ú»¯Ö-ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ³ÖÖÂÖÖ×¾Ö-ÖÖ-Ö ×.úÃÖ ¯ÖÏ.úÖ¸ü ÃÖÓ¤ü³ÖÔ ‹¾ÖÓ ÃÖ´ÖÖÃÖ .úÖ ×-Ö¸üÖ.ú¸ü.Ö .ú¸ü-Öê .úß "Ö™êüÖ .ú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü

†
Ö»ÖÖê"Ö-ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯Ö¸üß.Ö.Ö .úßוֵÖê …


4. Giving suitable examples discuss the intricacies involved in syntactic parsing.
¾ÖÖŒµÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯Ö¤ü ¯Ö׸ü"ÖµÖ ÃÖê •Öã›Ìüß •Ö×™ü»ÖŸÖÖ†Öë .úß ÃÖÖê¤üÖÆü¸ü.Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê …
5. What is meant by corpus building and corpus processing
ÃÖÖ´Ö.Ï Ö´ÖÔ.†Ö¸ÃÖ´Ö.߯Ï.ú´.ÖÃÖê†Ö¯ŒµÖÃÖ´ÖÖÖÆï?
îüÖÖÏÖÎÖÖ Ö—Ÿêü
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Elective II ×¾Ö.ú»¯Ö II
3. Critically examine the major assumptions and issues of the Principles and Parameters theory. دÖÏÃÖֻ߯ÖËÃÖ ‹.›ü ¯Öî¸üÖ´Öß™ü¸ËüÃÖ £µÖÖê¸üß .úß ´Öã.µÖ ´ÖÖ-µÖŸÖÖ†Öë †Öî¸ü ´Öã§üÖë .úÖ †Ö»ÖÖê"Ö-ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯Ö¸üß.Ö.Ö .úßוֵÖê …
4. Discuss the notion of D structure and S structure. What were the reasons for discarding them
›üß­ÃÖÓ¸ü"Ö-ÖÖ †Öî¸ü ‹ÃÖ­ÃÖÓ¸ü"Ö-ÖÖ .úß †¾Ö¬ÖÖ¸ü.ÖÖ .úß ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê … Æü™üÖ-Öê ŸµÖÖ.Ö-Öê .êú ŒµÖÖ .úÖ¸ü.Ö Æïü
5. Giving suitable examples discuss the notions of strong and weak features in the minimalist program. ×-ÖÛ´-Öšü¾ÖÖ¤üß .úÖµÖÔ.Îú´Ö ´Öë ¯ÖÏ²Ö»Ö ‹¾ÖÓ .ú´Ö•ÖÖê¸ü †×³Ö»Ö.Ö.ÖÖë .úß ¬ÖÖ¸ü.ÖÖ†Öë .úß ÃÖÖê¤üÖÆü¸ü.Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê …
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Elective III ×¾Ö.ú»¯Ö III
3. Do you agree that prosodic morphology is a theory of how morphological and phonological determinants of linguistic form interact. ŒµÖÖ †Ö¯Ö ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ ÃÖê ÃÖÆü´ÖŸÖ Æïü ×.ú Ã¾Ö-Ö.Ö×.ãÖ×´Ö.ú ºþ¯Ö ‡ÃÖ.úÖ ×ÃÖ¨üÖ-ŸÖ Æîü ×.ú ×.úÃÖ ¯ÖÏ.úÖ¸ü ³ÖÖÂÖÖµÖß ºþ¯Ö .êú ¿Ö²¤ü.ÖŸÖ †Öî¸ü þÖ×-Ö×´Ö.ú ×-Ö¬ÖÖÔ¸ü.ú †ÓŸÖ:×.ÎúµÖÖ .ú¸üŸÖê Æïü …
4. What are the smaller units that make up a segment and what kinds of manipulations

are possible on these units? Elaborate with suitable examples.
»Ö'Öã¢Ö´Ö ‡.úÖ‡ÔµÖÖÑ •ÖÖê .ÖÓ›ü Æïü ŒµÖÖ Æïü †Öî¸ü ‡-Ö ‡.úÖ‡µÖÖë ¯Ö¸ü ×.úÃÖ ¯ÖÏ.úÖ¸ü .êú .úÖµÖÔ­ÃÖÖ¬Ö-Ö ÃÖÓ³ÖÖ×¾ÖŸÖ Æïü ÃÖÖê¤üÖÆü¸ü.Ö ²ÖŸÖÖ‡µÖê …
5. Do you agree that GEN and EVAL are the only operations in optimality theory Give your arguments. '‡Â™üŸÖ´ÖŸÖÖ ×ÃÖ¨üÖ-ŸÖ ´Öë .êú¾Ö»Ö ‡ †Öî¸ü ‡¾Ö»êÖ (‡ ¾Öß ‹»Ö ‹»Ö) .úß ÃÖÓ×.ÎúµÖÖ‹Ñ ×¾Öª´ÖÖ-Ö ¸üÆüŸÖß ŒµÖÖ
†Ö¯Ö ‡ÃÖÃÖê ÃÖÆü´ÖŸÖ Æïü †¯Ö-Öê ŸÖ.Ôú ¤üßוֵÖê …
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Elective IV ×¾Ö.ú»¯Ö IV
3. Critically examine the role of social motivation in Sound Change.
þÖ-Ö ¯Ö׸ü¾ÖŸÖÔ-Ö ´Öë ÃÖÖ´ÖÖוÖ.ú ¯ÖÏê¸ü.ÖÖ .úß ³Öæ×´Ö.úÖ .úÖ †Ö»ÖÖê"Ö-ÖÖŸ´Ö.ú ¯Ö¸üß.Ö.Ö .úßוֵÖê …
4. Describe the patterns of social network clusters related with the ego How speech marks the multiplex of these networks
†ÆÓü ÃÖê ÃÖ´²ÖÛ-¬ÖŸÖ ÃÖÖ´ÖÖוÖ.ú -Öê™ü¾Ö.Ôú .Öã""ûÖë .êú -Ö´Öæ-ÖÖë .úÖ ¾Ö.ÖÔ-Ö .úßוֵÖê … ×.úÃÖ ¯ÖÏ.úÖ¸ü ³ÖÖÂÖÖ ‡-Ö -Öê™ü¾Ö.úÖí .êú ²ÖÆãü×¾Ö¬Ö ºþ¯Ö .úÖê ×"ÖÛ-ÆüŸÖ .ú¸üŸÖß Æîü
5. What is meant by Communicative Competence Discuss its relevance for ethnography of Communication.
ÃÖ´¯ÖÏêÂÖ.Ö .Ö´ÖŸÖÖ .úÖ ŒµÖÖ †£ÖÔ Æîü ÃÖ´¯ÖêÏÂÖ.Ö .êú -Öé•ÖÖןÖ×¾Ö-ÖÖ-Ö .êú ×»ÖµÖê ‡ÃÖ.úß ¯ÖÏÖÃÖ×.ÓÖ.úŸÖÖ .úß ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê …
OR/†£Ö¾ÖÖ
Elective V ×¾Ö.ú»¯Ö V
3. Are the components of language neuroanatomically distinct Discuss the 'areas of language'.
ŒµÖÖ ³ÖÖÂÖÖ .êú ÃÖÓ'Ö™ü.ú Ã-ÖÖµÖ×¾Ö.ú ¿Ö¸ü߸ü ×¾Ö-ÖÖ-ÖßµÖ ºþ¯Ö ÃÖê Æïü ³ÖÖÂÖÖ .êú .Öê¡ÖÖë .úß ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê …
4. Discuss the notion of cerebral dominance. Is it absolute Give your arguments.
¯ÖÏ´ÖÛßÖÂ.úßµÖ ¯ÖϳÖÖ×¾ÖŸÖÖ .úß ¬ÖÖ¸ü.ÖÖ .úß ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê … ŒµÖÖ µÖÆü ×-Ö¸ü¯Öê.Ö ¯Öæ.ÖÔ) Æîü †¯Ö-Öê ŸÖ.Ôú ¤üßוֵÖê …
5. What is meant by dyselexia Discuss how dyselexia is classified.
×›üÃÖ»ÖêÛŒÃÖµÖÖ .úÖ ŒµÖÖ †£ÖÔ Æîü ‡ÃÖê ×.úÃÖ ¯Ö.úÏÖ¸ü ¾Ö.Öá.éúŸÖ ×.úµÖÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖ Æîü ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßוֵÖê …
SECTION III
.Ö›Óü III
Note This section contains nine questions of ten marks each, each to be answered in about fifty words. ×
10 90 marks)
‡ÃÖ .ÖÓ›ü ´Öë ¤üÃÖ-¤üÃÖ †Ó.úÖë .êú -ÖÖî ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö Æïü … ¯ÖŸµÏÖê.ú ¯ÖÏ¿-Ö .úÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü »Ö.Ö³Ö.Ö ¯Ö"ÖÖÃÖ ¿Ö²¤üÖë ´Öë
†¯Öê×.ÖŸÖ Æîü … (9 ×
10 90 †.úÓ)
6. What do you understand by design features of language
³ÖÖÂÖÖ .êú ×›ü•ÖÌÖ‡-Ö †Ó.ÖÖë ÃÖê †Ö¯Ö ŒµÖÖ ÃÖ´Ö—ÖŸÖê Æïü
7. What is meant by speech acts
¾ÖÖ.¾µÖÖ¯ÖÖ¸ü ¯ÖÏ.úÖµÖÔ ÃÖê ŒµÖÖ †×³Ö¯ÖÏÖµÖ Æîü
8. Describe language loyalty
³ÖÖÂÖÖ­×-ÖšüÖ .úÖ ¾Ö.ÖÔ-Ö .úßו֋ …
9. What are stages in language acquisition
³ÖÖÂÖÖ•ÖÔ-Ö .êú ÃÖÖê¯ÖÖ-Ö ŒµÖÖ Æîü
10. Discuss the relation between linguistic ability and translatability.
³ÖÖÂÖÖ‡Ô µÖÖê.µÖŸÖÖ †Öî¸ü †-Öã¤êüµÖŸÖÖ .êú ²Öß"Ö .êú ÃÖ´²Ö-¬ÖÖë .úß ×¾Ö¾Öê"Ö-ÖÖ .úßו֋ …
11. What is meant by deep dyslexia
.ÖÆü-Ö †Ã¯Ö™ü ×¾Ö-µÖÖÃÖ ÃÖê ŒµÖÖ †×³Ö¯ÖÏÖµÖ Æîü
12. List five features of Verb final languages.
×.ÎúµÖÖ-ŸÖ.ú ³ÖÖÂÖÖ†Öë .êú ¯ÖÖÑ"Ö »Ö.Ö.Ö ×»Ö×.Ö‹ …
13. What is relative clause construction
ÃÖ´²Ö-¬Ö ¾ÖÖ"Ö.ú ˆ¯Ö¾ÖÖŒµÖ ÃÖÓ¸ü"Ö-ÖÖ ŒµÖÖ Æîü
14. What are the salient features of endocentric compounds
²Ö×ÆüÂ.ëúצüŸÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖÃÖÖë .êú ×¾Ö׿Ö™ü »Ö.Ö.Ö ŒµÖÖ Æïü

SECTION IV



.Ö›Óü IV

This section contains five questions of five marks each based on the following passage. Each question should be answered in about thirty words. ×
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Furthermore, it is wrong to think of human use of language as characteristically informative, in fact or in intention. Human language can be used to inform or mislead, to clarify one's own thoughts or to display one's cleverness, or simply for play. If I speak with no concern for modifying your behaviour or thoughts, I am not using language any less than if I say exactly the same things with such intention. If we hope to understand human language and the psychological capacities on which it rests, we must first ask what it is, not how or for what purposes it is used. When we ask what human language is, we find no striking similarity to animal communication systems. There is nothing useful to be said about behaviour or thought at the level of abstraction at which animal and human communication fall together. The examples of animal communication that have been examined to date do share many of the properties of human gestural systems, and it might be reasonable to explore the possibility of direct connection in this case. But human language, it appears, is based on entirely different principles. This, I think, is an important point, often overlooked by those who approach human language as a natural, biological phenomenon; in particular, it seems rather pointless, for these reasons, to speculate about the evolution of human language from simpler systems perhaps as absurd as it would be to speculate about the "evolution" of atoms from clouds of elementary particles.
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15. Why is human language not characteristically informative
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16. What functions does human language serve
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17. How does human communication differ from animal communication
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18. 'But human language, it appears, is based on entirely different principles'. Explain. ´ÖÖ-Ö¾ÖßµÖ ‹êÃÖÖ »Ö.ÖŸÖÖ Æîü, ¯Öæ.ÖÔŸÖµÖÖ ×ÃÖ¨üÖ-ŸÖÖë ¯Ö¸ü †Ö¬ÖÖ׸üŸÖ Æîü ïÖ™ü .úßו֋ …
19. Why is a discussion on the evolution of human language absurd
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