PAPER-II
LINGUISTICS


1. While writing is derivative and represents an attempt at making a record of spoken language,

(1)sign language is derivative and hence not a natural mode of communication.


(2)sign language is a primary and an artificial mode of communication.


(3)sign language is a primary, natural mode of communication.


(4)sign language is derivative though a natural mode of communication.


2. Competence can be defined as

(1)What a native speaker speaks


(2)Knowledge of language


(3)relation between signifier and signified


(4)Sounds produced by a human being


3. Assertion Formal language is generated by a formal grammar. Assertion Formal language must resemble natural language. Codes

(1)Only is true, is false. Only is true, is false.


(3)Both and are true. Both and are false.


4. Match the items in List I with items in List II.
List- I List- II

Nama Verbs


Akhyata Nouns and Pronouns


Upasarga Indeclinables


Nipata Prefixes


Codes







5. Language faculty as a genetic endowment, that enables a species to have, to acquire and to use language, is

(1)unique to all primates


(2)unique to all animals


(3)unique to only humans


(4)unique to all living beings


6. When someone speaks there is not just a message, a question, or a request in the words, but

(1)there is no information about the speaker and the speaker's attitude in the voice and the style.


(2)there is information about the speaker and the speaker's attitude in the voice and the style.


(3)there is information about the speaker though no information about the speaker's attitude in the voice and the style.


(4)there is no information about the speaker though there is information about the speaker's attitude in the voice and the style.


7. Assertion The information encoded in a word is fairly complex. Assertion A word is not associated with different kinds of information. Codes

(1)Both and are false. is true, but is false.


is false, but is true. Both and are true.


8. Euphemism refers to

(1)the use of forbidden expressions


(2)the use of performance forms


(3)the use of word blends


(4)the use of nice sounding alternatives to existing forms


9. Assertion Design features of language include 'displacement' 'duality of patterns' and 'vocal auditory channel'.
Assertion Design features distinguish between natural human language and forms of communication used by other species.
Codes

is true is false is false is true


(3)Both are false Both are true

10. Assertion A succession of speech varieties without major linguistic boundaries is called a dialect continuum.
Assertion Dominance of dialectal features delimiting the linguistic area is marked as isoglosses.
Codes

(1)Both are true Both are false


is true and is false is true and is false


11. Match the items in the List-I with those of List-II. List- I List- II
I. The initial sound of yes A. Velar
II. The initial sound of cat B. Post-alveolar
III. The initial sound of try C. Alveolar
IV. The initial sound of toe D. Palatal

Codes
I II III IV

BD


BC


AD


CA


12. Nasalization refers to the process where

(1)the air is released through the nasal passage


(2)the air is released through the oral as well as the nasal passage


(3)the air is partially released through the nasal passage


(4)the air is not released through the oral chamber



13. Fundamental tone refers to

(1)level tone harmonics


(3)formants frequency of vibration of vocal cords


14. Identify the correct order in terms of sonority, from high to low sonority

(1)open vowels . close vowels . fricatives . stops


(2)close vowels . open vowels . stops . fricatives


(3)close vowels . open vowels . fricatives . stops


(4)fricatives . open vowels . close vowels . stops


15. An ordering convention that uses the parenthesis notation indicating optional elements is called

(1)conjunctive ordering extrinsic ordering


ordering disjunctive ordering


16. A theory of phonology in which morphological and phonological rules are brought together within a single framework, where largely phonology operates together with the word-formation rules in a cyclic fashion to define the class of lexical items in a language, is called

(1)Morphophonology Phonomorphology


(3)Phonological lexicology Lexical phonology


17. Assertion An emic approach to intonation, for instance, would describe only those features of the pitch pattern which are used by a language to signal meanings.
Assertion An etic approach would, on the other hand, describe the utterances pitch movements more minutely, regardless of whether the features are used to signal meanings or not.
Codes

(1)Both and are correct is correct, is wrong


is wrong, is correct Both and are wrong


18. The r in the word 'children' can be referred to as

(1)Zero morph Empty morph


(3)Bound morph Allomorph


19. If a morph can be analysed into more than one morpheme, it is called

(1)Compound morph Bound morph


(3)Portmanteau morph Complex morph


20. Assertion In lexicalist hypothesis a class of lexical rules governing word-formation is distinguished from the set of syntactic transformations.
Assertion Lexicalist hypothesis bans category changing rules from the grammar disallowing a verb or adjective from being transformed into a noun, etc.
Codes

(1)Both and are correct is correct, is incorrect


is incorrect, is correct Both and are incorrect


21. Assertion In the sentence 'The boy gave a book to the 'the book' is the direct object.
Assertion In the sentence 'The fat man gave the foolish man, a pink flower', 'the foolish man' is the indirect object.

Codes

is true, is false is false, is true


(3)Both and are true Both and are false


22. 'Infinite number of sentences from a finite set of rules', forms

(1)the transformational component the Generative component


(3)the phonetic form the logical form



23. Which of the following is not a constraint attributed to Ross

(1)Complex NP constraint Sentential subject constraint


(3)Coordinate structure constraint NP accessibility constraint


24. Assertion Coordinate structures are those with a coordinate conjunction like etc.
Assertion An element can be moved out of the coordinate structure.
Codes


(1)Both and are true Both and are false


is false, is true is true, is false


25. 'The boy had been eating the cake' is a

(1)Present progressive sentence Past progressive sentence


(3)Past perfect progressive sentence Present perfect progressive sentence


26. " 'Snow is white' is true if and only if snow is white" is an example of

(1)Homonymy Implicature


(3)Truth condition Speech act


27. Which of the following is an example of discourse/text deixis

(1)the former/the following this/that


(3)now/then I/you


28. Assertion The open class of words belong to the categories of noun, adjective, verb and adverb.
Assertion The open class of words belong to the categories of pronoun, preposition/postposition, conjunction and interjection.
Codes

(1)Both and are correct is correct and is wrong


is wrong and is correct Both and are wrong




29. Which of the following is not correct

is a hyponym of 'animal'


is a superordinate of 'sparrow'


are co-hyponyms of 'animal'


is a meronym of


30. Match the items in List-I with those in List-II and choose the correct code.
List- I List- II

Connotation Refers to the sense of a declarative sentence with all ambiguity, vagueness and deixis resolved, so that a definite truth value may be assigned


Proposition Main application is with reference to the emotional associations which are suggested by, or are part of the meaning of a linguistic unit, especially a lexical item


Emotive Relates to denotations of lexical items and the propositional content of sentences, corresponding to an intellectually objective level of interpretation


Cognitive Relates to emotional effect on listener as in propaganda, speech, advertising language



Codes














31. Languages change, but they actually change quite slowly. This results into

complete loss of the ability to communicate with all generations of speakers


partial loss of the ability to communicate with all generations of speakers


(3)the ability to communicate successfully with all generations of speakers of our own language variety is maintained


(4)the ability to communicate successfully with one generation of speakers is lost while it is maintained to communicate successfully with the next generation of speakers.



32. Designed to account for observed similarities in the output of different grammars claiming that the grammars in question share at least a subset of their features because they have acquired these features through inheritance from a common ancestor, the hypothesis is

(1)Family tree hypothesis


(2)The genetic hypothesis


(3)The regulation hypothesis


(4)P.D. Gune Hypothesis


33. Assertion Languages which are genetically related have a common ancestor.
Assertion Non-genetic links between languages cannot be established using comparative linguistic techniques.
Codes

(1)Both and are correct Both and are wrong


is correct, but is wrong is wrong, but is correct


34. The longer two languages have diverged, which of the following is true

(1)the easier it is to distinguish inherited lexical and grammatical features from accidental resemblances.


(2)the easier it is to regard them as genetically related.


(3)the harder it is to distinguish inherited lexical and grammatical features from accidental resemblances, borrowing effects, and typologically driven convergences. ü


(4)the better it proves the accidental resemblance between the two.


35. Assertion The comparative method refers to the standard comparative technique of comparing a set of forms taken from cognate languages in order to determine whether a historical relationship connects them.
Assertion If there were such a relationship, this analysis would then be used to deduce the characteristics of the ancestor language from which they were assumed to have derived.

Code

(1)Both and are false is true, but is false


is false, but is true Both and are true




36. In his classic paper "India as a linguistic area", Emeneau did not discuss a language family that is

(1)Indo-Aryan Dravidian


(3)Austroasiatic Tibeto-Burman


37. In morphological change the following can be a major source

(1)Stress Analogy


(3)Assimilation Pejoration


38. Which of the following South Asian languages is a V2 language

(1)Sindhi Punjabi


(3)Kashmiri Maithili


39. Assertion SOV languages mostly show certain typological characteristics such as post positions, case systems and left-branching structures in which modifiers precede their heads.
Assertion However, Indian languages mostly show SVO word order.
Code

is true but is false is false but is true


(3)Both and are true Both and are false


40. Which of the following is not true for Grimm's law that it converted

(1)earlier voiceless stops to voiceless fricatives


(2)voiced stops to voiceless stops


(3)voiced aspirates to plain voiced stops


(4)voiceless aspirates to voiced stops




41. A technique in language teaching and learning for identifying, classifying and systematically interpreting the unacceptable forms produced by someone learning a foreign language

(1)Transfer analysis Contrastive analysis


(3)Discourse analysis Error analysis


42. The concepts of restricted and elaborated codes were proposed by

(1)William Labov Basil Bernstein


(3)Charles Ferguson Joshua Fishman


43. The concept of Notional Syllabus was given by

(1)Pit corder David Crystal


(3)D.A. Wilkins R.H. Robins


44. A term used for describing incomplete language learning is called

(1)Fossilization Collocation


(3)Acculturation Diffusion


45. Bilinguals who attribute identical meanings to corresponding lexical units in two languages are called

(1)Co-ordiante bilinguals


(2)Compound bilinguals


(3)Passive bilinguals


(4)National bilinguals


46. Range of languages or varieties of a language available for use by a speaker to perform social roles is called

(1)Creole Competence


(3)Verbal Repartoire Langue


47. A group of people who constitute a regional and social unit by virtue of sharing a common code is called

(1)Bilingual community Speech community


(3)Verbal community Cross linguistic community


48. A linguistic variety defined on social (as opposed to regional) grounds e.g. correlating with a particular social class or occupational group is called

(1)register dialect


(3)idiolect sociolect


49. Language variety which characterises linguistic features involving mediating norms of social behaviour in relation to notions such as courtesy, deference and distance evinces

(1)Grammatical phenomena Multilingual phenomena


(3)Lexical phenomena Politeness phenomena


50. A variety of language defined according its use in domains such as science, religion, philosophy etc. is called

(1)Langue Register


(3)Parole Lemma