1. 'Voice Onset Time' refers to the timing of onset of voice for a plosive at the point of the

beginning of a closure

retention of a closure

partial retention of a closure

releasing of a closure

2. In Acoustic Phonetics the highest level of loudness at which vocal cords vibrate while articulating a voiced segment, especially a vowel is known as

Resonance

Wave-length

(c).Amplitude

Frequency

3. The ordered sequence of rules R1 .....Rn where in each rule applies only once to the a morphologically complex word, the maximal string that contains no brackets.

outermost constituent

innermost constituent

complex constituent

simplest constituent

4. Select and pick the correct chronological order of the morphological frameworks from the codes provided below:

i. Generative Phonology

ii. Classical Phonology

iii. Constraints based Phonology iv. Auto Segmental Phonology Codes:

ii i iv iii

i ii iii iv

iv iii i ii

iv iii i

5. Match the items in List-I with those in List-II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below.

List-I List-II

Major class feature Anterior

Manner feature Consonantal

Place of articulation feature High

Body of tongue feature Continuant

Codes:









6. Prague phonology draws from a major contribution of Saussure wherein linguistic units are defined exclusively in terms of the they enter into.

Paradigmatic relations

Syntagmatic relations

Binary oppositions

Parallel relations

7. Trubetzkoy (1939) was the first to propose that syllables have

internal structure

unified structure

prosodic structure

duration

8. The morpho-syntactic properties associated with a word, license the application of rules which determine the word's

inflectional form

derivational form

projected form

(d)grammatical form

9. In the words containing both inflectional and derivational affixes, the affixes will always be away from the root than the affixes.

derivational, inflectional

inflectional, derivational

(c)free,bound

productive, non-productive

10. In contrast to the approach adopted in traditional grammar, Chomsky takes a approach to the study of grammar. For Chomsky, the goal of the linguist is to determine what it is that native speakers know about their native language which enables them to speak and understand the language fluently.

taxonomic, cognitive

structuralist, generative

traditional, modem

behaVioral, psychological

11. Chomsky's ultimate goal is to devise a theory of which generalizes from the grammars of particular I-languages to the grammars of all possible natural (i.e. human) I-languages.

Cognitive Grammar/CG

Universal Grammar/UG

Functional Grammar/FG

Lexicalized Grammar/LG

12. Categorization of vocabulary reqUIres the use of and properties of a word.

Morphological, syntactic

Sematic, syntactic

Morphological, semantic

Phonological, morphological

13. Intermediate projection and maximal projections 'are characterized by the merger of certain constituents into and respectively.

Head and complements

X-bar,XP

Substantive, functional categories

Phrases, clauses

14. Sound Change which is highly regular brings irregularity, but analogy which is essentially irregular brings regularity. This process is often referred to as

Sturtevant's paradox

Schlegel's paradox

Labov's principle of linguistic change

Grassmann's Law of regular change

15. In Chain shifts of Historical Linguistics, identify an unrelated terminology from among the following:

Drag chains

Push chains

Pull chains

Solidarity chains

16. The sound change that underlies Grimm's law is called as

Split

Merger

Shift

Loss

17. The aim of Historical Linguistics is to classify languages by their and to trace the historic development of languages.

genetic affiliation

typological relation

ethnic affiliation

borrowed words

18. The statement 'John trIed to kill Bill but Bill did not die.' is an example of a/an statement.

Analytic

Synthetic

Contradiction

Entailment

19. The statement 'John is different from himself' is an example of a/an

Analytic statement

Synthetic statement

Contradiction

Entailment

20. The notion ofProper Government is used in defining

Binding Theory

The Empty Category Principle

The Projection Principle

Bijection Principle

21. Which of the following sentences violate Condition A of the Binding Theory?

a. That Stephen is always ignored irritates himself;

b. That Stephen is always ignored irritates him;

c. Susani believes himself; to be a genius.

d. Susan; believes him; to be a genius.









22. State which one of the following statements is not true of case assignment in terms of government:

a. I assigns nominative case to the NP specifier that it governs.

b. N assigns genitive case to the NP specifier that it governs.

c. C[for] assign accusative case to the NP that they govern.

d. I assigns nominative case to the NP specifier that it governs.

All the above statements are true

are true while is not true.

are true while is not true.

are true while is not true.

23. In the sentence believe [him to be innocent]' the licensing of the accusative case to the direct object 'him 'can be attributed to

Theta criterion

Exceptional case marking

Trace theory

Projection Principle

24. Which one of the following is not a feature unique to human language according to Hockett?

Creativity

Grammaticality

Innateness

Duality

25. One of the following is not a case relation.

Ergative

Subjunctive

Nominative

Elative

26. The process of understanding and producing language across a time period is called

Language processing

Language Acquisition

Language learning

Language recognition

27. a phenomenon by which people are forced into thinking that a sentence has a different structure than it actually does because of an apparent ambiguity.

Garden path

Priming

Shadowing

Rhyming

28. According to Piaget, which one among the four stages of cognitive development is characterized by a child's 'egocentric' nature?

Sensory motor stage

Preoperational stage

Concrete operational stage

Formal operational stage

29. A language disorder found among normal children in reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic is known as

dysnomia

hyperlexia

dyslexia

alexia

30. The form of associative learning in which previously neural stimuli (e.g. word) come to elicit similar responses through repeated pairing with one stimulus is called

Operant conditioning

Mediation

Classical conditioninr

Imitation SECTION Applied Linguistics (30 Marks)

31. The syllabus whose content is based on selection and grading of grammatical items in terms of their simplicity/complexity is

Grammatical Syllabus

Structural Syllabus

Product-oriented Syllabus

All of the above

32. The type of syllabus which focuses on the learners' needs is

Situational Syllabus "

Notional-Functional Syllabus

Task-Based Syllabus"

Need-Based Syllabus

33. Who among the following is not associated with Task-Based Language Teaching:

David Nunan

Skehan

Charles Fries

c.Candlin

34. The Language Teaching Method that focuses on mechanical drills is

Direct Method

Audio-lingual method

Grammar-translation Method

(d)Silent Way

35. Krashen's emphasizes on the learner's explicit knowledge of a grammatical rule.

Monitor Hypothesis

Learning-Acquisition Hypothesis

Affective-Filter Hypothesis

Input Hypothesis

36. The phenomenon which states that 'for the theoretical success of a proposal, do not multiply entities beyond necessity' is referred to as

Occam's Razor

Plato's problem

Meno's Paradox

Uniformitarian Principle

37. The two constituent structure principles that are universal are and

Headedness; binarity

Head; complement

Modified; modifier

Principle; parameter

38. Word-order variation can be attributed to the relative position of within phrases.

heads and complements

Substantives and modifiers

Nouns and adjectives

Verbs and Nouns

39. In Typology, that apply to every known language and are quite few in number are referred to ass

Implicational Universals

Absolute Universals

Statistical Universals

Substantive Universals

40. Which one of the following statements does not belong to Hockett's Grammatical Universals category?

Every human language has proper nouns.

Among the deictic elements of every human language, one denotes the speaker and another the addressee.

All linguistic communication is based on vocal-auditory channel.

A major form-class distinction reminiscent of versus is universal, though not always at the same size and level.

41. Conversational code-switching (or code-mixing) which constitutes part of a larger field of investigation in sociolinguistics is known as

Quantitative Sociolinguistics

Interactional Sociolinguistics

Communicative Sociolinguistics

Variational Sociolinguistics

42 A creole is a

native language

second generation language

secondlanguage

learned language

43. model of grammar designed by Kaplan and Bresnan (1982) provides computational formalism for natural language structures.

Context Free Grammar

Lexical Functional Grammar

Tree Adjoing Grammar

Tree Substitution Grammar

44. by Woods (1977) was one of the first natural Answering Systems that answered questions about moon rocks. language Question

(a)ELIZA

(b)LUNAR

(c)INTELLECT

(d)ENIAC

45. What is unification in computational linguistics?

Standardization of features of word forms.

Reducing word forms to their dictionary forms.

Revealing similarities of features of different word forms and uniting feature sets.

Uniting structures of several sentences into a common structure.

46. The various grammatical forms of any given lexeme, when grouped together and organized, are called

Syntagm

Paradigm

Word form list

Phrase

47. Exegetic dictionaries are based on

works of authors

slangs, jargons and argots

dialects

technical terms

The lexicon lists lexemes, but not words.

irregular, regular

derivative, inflected

productive, nonproductive

inflected, derivative

49. The type of dictionary that attests the number of occurrences of the lexical units of a language is a

dictionary of neologisms

dictionary of frequency counts

reverse dictionary

dictionary of usages

50. The distinction between the use of Hindi tum 'you and aap 'you is an example of

Verbal deixis

Social deixis

Spatial deixis

Temporal deixis

51. The field of natural language processing has seen a dramatic shift in both research direction and methodology in the past several years. In the past, most work in computational linguistics tended to focus on purely symbolic methods. Recently, more and more work is shifting toward that combine new empirical corpus based methods, including the use of probabilistic and information-theoretic techniques, with traditional symbolic methods.

Probabilistic methods

Hybrid methods

Corpus based methods

(d)'Information theoretic methods;

52. Dependency tree in computational linguistics refers to

the same as constituency tree.

a labeled hierarchy of immediate links between word-forms in a sentence.

hierarchy of meanings represented by words in a sentence.

hierarchy of features assigned to word-forms in a sentence.

53. Examine assertions I through IV and select the correct combination from the codes given below:

I. All languages have a set of constraints which produce the basic phonological and grammatical patterns of a particular language.

II. Actual utterances do not violate these constraints.

III. Differences between languages lie in the relative importance given to particular constraints.

IV. The constraints are not mentioned in the description of a particular language. Codes:

I and IV are correct

I and III are correct

II and IV are correct

III and IV are correct

54. Theoretical aspects of linguistics are necessary for computational linguistics because:

i. they help to prepare good user's manuals for products of computational linguistics.

ii. they help to evaluate the performance of computational linguistics products.

iii. they help to gather statistics of various language elements.

iv. they help in computational modelling of natural languages. Codes:

Both and

Both and

Both and

All of the above

55. We can understand the speech of an individual even when s/he is chewing betel/gutka, even when s/he speaks with a distortion voice or with deliberate nasalization and even when s/he speaks with fInger/pen in the mouth. It is because speech has

reflex loop

compensatory effect

proprioception

perception

56. Read the following two:statements and select one of the options which is correct:

i. Every expression that has meaning has sense but not every expression has reference.

ii. Every expression that has meaning has reference but not every expression has sense. Codes:

Both the statements and are correct.

Both the statements and are false.

Statement is correct while statement is incorrect.

Statement is incorrect while statement is correct.

57. The Substitutivity Principle appears to fail in

extensional contexts.

intensional contexts

transparent contexts

incongruent contexts

58: NOUN [PL
ADULT CHILD[PL -children]

From the above tree, it may be interpreted that and are both nouns and that the plural form of a noun is formed by concatenating its stem (ROOT) with This property of nouns will be inherited by which thus has 'adults' as its plural. In the case of however, this property of nouns is not inherited since it is inconsistent with an existing property of namely the property of having 'children' as its plural. The plural formation seen in the noun is a case of

Feature percolation

Default inheritance

Missing inheritance

constrained inheritance

59. An influential Second Language Acquisition theory which relies on innate language ability is the

Processability Theory

Behaviorist Theory

Modular Theory

Monitor Theory

60. Important to the Optimality Theory is an idea of competing constraints which can be ranked in importance with respect to each other. A ranking implies that

a less important constraint can sometimes be violated in order to obey a more important constraint.

constraints once correctly identified should match up with the range of sound patterns seen across languages.

languages differ in how they rank particular constraints.

markedness constraints prohibit marked structures and faithfulness constraints militate against deviations from input forms. . SECTION-C "Current Trends (15 Marks)

61. Experimentally based approaches to data-collection which attempted to replace personal introspection data include

forced-choice questionnaires and Open-ended Interviews

subject performance tasks and Appropriate Response methodology

both and

neither nor

62. A test which accurately tests the underlying' trait or ability as hypothesized by a language learning theory exhibits

Construct Validity

Content Validity

Face Validity

Criterion-Related Validity

63. Which of the following does constitute one of the factors involved in the loss of language diversity?

Intergenerational language transmission

Percentage of speakers

Domains and functions of use

Socio-political influence

64. In the Proto-Type Theory of linguistic categorization

the members exhibit no internal structure.

the central members exhibit a cluster of converging properties, the peripheral ones cancel one or more of them.

both the central and peripheral members exhibit an equal cluster of converging properties.

the central members cancel out all the cluster of properties that the peripheral members exhibit.

65. The predictable segmental feature value that fails to manifest its presence in a phonological process where it might otherwise be expected to act is a/an one.

under specified.

neutralized

unspecified

over specified

66. The two key figures in the Nature-Nurture debate are

Chomsky and Piaget

Piaget and Skinner

Chomsky and Skinner

Hockett and Skinner

67. morphology approach challenges the traditional notion of the Lexicon as the unit where derived words are and idiosyncratic word-meaning correspondences are stored.

Distributed

A-morphous

Structuralist

Split

68. In People's Linguistic Survey of India, the data collected does not include

a recital of the Biblical parable of the Prodigal son

a piece of folklore, prose or verse

linguistic descriptions

an analysis of the language

69. A proposition X is a of another proposition Y if it is impossible for both X Y to be true at the same time and of same circumstances:

Synonym

Contradiction

Antonym

Hypernym

70. In the conventional designation of a particular geographically determined variety a 'dialect' of a particular 'language', our defInition of 'language' is still not based on

geopolitical criteria

ethnic criteria

linguistic criteria

cultural criteria

71. is a parsed text corpus, that is annotated for syntactic or semantic structure.

treebank

wordnet

parallel corpus

ontology

72. In the domains of Computational Linguistics and Probability, an is a contiguous sequence of n items in a given sequence of text or speech.

n-slot

n-gram

n-list

n-text

73. The Lexical Diffusion Theory (Wang 1969, 1977) treats the implementation of sound change as

lexically abrupt

lexically gradual

phonemically abrupt.

phonetically abrupt

74. studies have revealed the ways in which the learners process L2 input and use it to build and restructure their inter language grammar.

Cognitive

Psycholinguistic

Behavioral

Structural

75. morphology does not insist on either directionality of word analysis or productivity.

Distributed

Whole Word

Structuralist

Generative