ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, FEBRUARY 2014
PH.D. APPLIED LINGUISTICS

Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 75 Hall Ticket No:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATE Write your Hall Ticket Number on the OMR Answer Sheet given to you. Also write
the Hall Ticket Number in the space provided above. ii) There is a negative marking of 0.33 marks for each wrong answer. iii) Answers are to be marked on the OMR Answer Sheet following the instructions
provided there upon. iv) Handover the OMR Answer Sheet at the end of the Examination to the Invigilator. No additional sheet will be provided. Rough work can be done in the question paper
itself/space provided at the end ofthe booklet. vi) The question paper contains 12 pages and the questions are of objective type. Only the question paper may be taken by the candidate at the end ofthe examination.


SECTION
Core Linguistics (30 Marks)

Read the following and identify the correct statement: (questions 1 to
1.
A. Expressions like Mary or the student are called Arguments, because they are independently Referential. Expressions like each other are called Reflexives, and expressions like herself, themselves are called Reciprocals. Expressions like she and her are Pronouns.
B. Expressions like Mary or the student are called R-expressions, because they are independently Referential. Expressions like each other are called Reciprocals, and Expressions like herself, themselves are called Reflexives. Expressions like she and her are Pronouns.
C. Expressions like Mary or the student are called Nominals, because they are independently Referential. Expressions like each other are called Reciprocals, and Expressions like herself, themselves are called Reflexives. Expressions like she and her are R-expressions.
D. Expressions like Mary or the student are called R-expressions, because they are independently Referential. Expressions like each other are called Reflexives, and Expressions like herself, themselves are called Reciprocals. Expressions like she and her are Pronouns.
2.
A. The number of Complements is strictly limited by the selection properties of lexical items, but there can be any number of Adjuncts. Therefore, Complements are sometimes required, sometimes optional. Adjuncts are always optional.
B. The number of Adjuncts is strictly limited by the selection properties of lexical items, but there can be any number of Complements. Therefore, Complements are sometimes required, sometimes optional. Adjuncts are always optional.
C. The number of Adjuncts is strictly limited by the selection properties of lexical items, but there can be any number of Complements. Therefore, Adjuncts are sometimes required, sometimes optional. Complements are always optional.
D. The number of Complements is strictly limited by the selection properties of lexical items, but there can be number of Adjuncts. Therefore, Adjuncts are sometimes required, sometimes optional. Complements are always optional.
3.
A. The Object and Complements name the essential, distinctive parts of the action or event named by the Verb.
B. The Subject and Arguments name the essential, distinctive parts of the action or event named by the Verb.
C. The Subject and Complements name the essential, distinctive parts of the action or event named by the Verb.
D. The Subject and Arguments name the essential, distinctive parts of the action or event named by the Verb.
4. Accusative Case assigner(s) is/are:
A. Only V (Verb) B. Both V and P (Verb and Pre/postposition)
C. Only P (Pre/postposition) D. Both V and A (Verb and Adjective)
5. In the sentence "Mary told every studenti that hei could leave", 'that he could leave' is
A. adjunct B. complement C. argument D. compliment
6. Which ofthese is NOT one ofHockett's designfeatures ofhuman language?
A. semanticity B. arbitrariness C. orality D. prevarication
7. The linguistic capacity to combine existing sounds into sequences of new meanings and to combine existing words into new utterances is called
A. displacement B. productivity C. symbolism D. arbitrariness
8. Which ofthese examples contains a cleft?
A. While I can't stand Pepsi, I love Coke B. Coke I love, while Pepsi I can't stand
C. It's Pepsi that I can't stand, not Coke D. What I can't stand is Pepsi, not Coke
9. A is a linguist's grammar, as opposed to speaker's grammar. It is an attempt ofapproximation ofthe linguistic system ofa native speaker.
A. descriptive grammar B. generative grammar
C. prescriptive grammar D. pedagogical grammar
10. Many linguists would accept the following; components in a linguistic theory:
A. phonology, lexicon, (morphology), syntax and semantics
B. phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax
C. phonology, syntax and semantics
D. morphology, syntax and semantics


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11. A speaker of a human language can potentially express an infinite number of ideas through words, phrases, clauses, sentences, using a finite system. Any system that is charged with this task must exhibit what linguists call
A. recursion B. creativity C. innateness D. arbitrariness
12. In the sentence 'The windows were smashed by the neighborhood children', the agent theta-role is assigned by
A. verb B. preposition C. adjective D. argument
13. involves movement of an NP from VP-compl to spec-IP.
A. Relativization B. Passivization C. Raising
14. The quoted material in the following sentences
i. Edward will probably turn the radio.
ii.
Edward will probably turn the radio
are examples of


A.
particles B. prepositions C. postpositions


15. Case assignment to the subject of a non-finite clause is due to
A. theta-role assignment B. theta Criterion
C. exceptional case marking D. case assigner
D. Fronting
D. adpositions
16. The following sets ofwords are characterized by respectively.
i. tax, taxation, taxable and taxability, and
ii.
walk, walks, walked and walking

A.
derivation and inflection B. inflection and derivation

C.
bound and free morphemes D. lexical and derived words


17. The word text in will text you cranberries tomorrow.' is an example of
A. backformation B. conversion C. coinage D. invention
18. Which of the following statements about human language do you consider to be in accordance with linguistic theory?
A. Language can be described as a reflector of cognitive ability.
B. The sound structure of words usually reflects their meaning.
C. Only highly advanced cultures have complex languages.
D. Languages naturally change over time..
19. Which ofthe following statements is correct?
A. Inflectional morphemes encode grammatical information.
B. Derivational morphemes encode grammatical information.
C. Inflectional morphemes encode lexical information.
D. Lexical morphemes encode inflectional information.
20. are new words formed through any number of word formation processes with the resulting word meeting a lexical need that is not expected to recur.
A. Cranberries B. Nonce words C. Coinages D. Calques
21. Chomsky reintroduces morphology into his generative enterprise through his influential paper
A. Remarks on Nominalization
B. Aspects ofthe Theory of Syntax.
C. Morphology in Generative grammar
D. Prolegomena to the Theory of Word Formation
22. When the word 'school' is pronounced as sukul, sakul or iskul, it is a case of:
A. Epenthesis B. Metathesis C. Diathesis D. Parenthesis
23. Constraints in Optimality Theory:
A. All ofthem are violable B. Few ofthem are violable
C. None ofthem are violable D. Many ofthem are violable
24. Which ofthe following theories ofphonology is not a non-linear one:
A. Sound Pattern ofEnglish B. CV Phonology
C. Metrical theory of Phonology D. Auto-segmental Phonology
25. Which ofthe following theories ofMorphology is not a word based one:
A. Lexical Morphology B. Amorphous Morphology
C. Relational Morphology D. Seamless Morphology
26. Sonority Hierarchy that helps in the organization of segments within and across syllables:
A. Obstruents Nasals Liquids Glides Vowels
B. Nasals Obstruents <Liquids <Glides Vowels
C. Liquids Obstruents <Liquids Vowels
D. Liquids Nasals Obstruents Glides Vowels
27. Which one ofthe following sequences represent Tautosyllabicity:
A. phonemes/segments occur in the same syllable.
B. phonemes/segments occur in different syllables.
C. A phoneme or a segment shared between two adjacent syllables.
D. A phoneme or a segment which does not belong to any syllable.
28. is a semantic extension in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common.
A. Metaphor B. Metonym C. Troponym D. Synonym
29. What traditionally are referred to as 'parts of speech' are' now in contemporary linguistics called as
A. Word Classes B. Lexical Categories
C. Syntactic Categories D. Inflectional Categories
30. serve to organize nouns they modify in terms of the shape, size, function, material, texture, social status and other properties..
A. Quantifiers B. Classifiers C. Codifiers D. Stratifiers
SECTION
Applied Linguistics (30 Marks)

31. Speech forms that indicate the comparative social status, power, prestige or other relationship ofthe speakers are called
A. expressives B. classifiers C. deictics D. honorifics
32. Utterances that are intended not to describe situations so much as to bring about circumstances like "I knight thee" are:
A. performatives B. commands C. informatives D. proverbs
33. The traditional and often oral content of knowledge, stories, sayings, and other genres in a particular language is called
A. narrative B. mythology C. performance D. folklore
34. The rules and practices in a society regarding how people use personal space (like how close or far apart they stand when they talk) are:
A. paralanguage B. proxemics C. gestures D. vocalizations
35. The co-existence of two different forms of language in a society often a "high" and "low" or "official" and "common" form is called
A. polyglossia B. hyperglossia C. diglossia D. multilingua
36. A new or hybrid language that develops a sophisticated grammar and vocabulary and is spoken as some group's first language is a
A. creole B. pidgin C. ritual language D. anti-language
37. The idea that language and its structures limit and decide human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes is called
A. linguistic determinism B. cultural anthropology
C. cultural relativism D. linguistic relativity
38. The most difficult and crucial task in Machine Translation is
A. morphological analysis B. parsing
C. word sense disambiguation D. generation
39. The architecture ofMachine Translation is described with the help of
A. Vauquois triangle B. Heronian triangle
C. Pythagorean triangle D. Isosceles triangle
40. What are the meanings of Saussure's terms Langue and Parole?
A. Parole is the system of language and langue is the individual utterances
B. Langue is the system of language and parole is the individual utterances
C. Langue is written language and parole is spoken language
D. Parole is the individual language and langue is the systematic utterances
41. What is Jakobson's stance towards equivalence of meaning between languages?
A. The problem of cross-cultural difference often makes translation impossible.
B. Linguistic relativity makes translation impossible.
C. All things are translatable except perhaps poetry.
D. Nothing is translatable except perhaps poetry.
42. What are the three phases of Nida's system oftranslation?
A. Analysis, translation and back transformation
B. Analysis, transfer and restructuring
C. Analysis, transfer and exegesis
D. Analysis, transfer and translate
43. What are the types ofmeaning that Nida analyses?
A. Referential and connotative meaning
B. Structural, semantic and pragmatic meaning
C. Dictionary and emotive meaning
D. Linguistic, referential and denotative meaning
44. Which of Newmark's types of translation corresponds to Nida's 'dynamic equivalence'?
Semantic translation B. Communicative translation
C. Literal translation D. Dynamic translation
45. What are the three types of translation classified in Snell-Hornby's 'integrated' model?
A. Literary, general and special language translation
B. Literary, administrative and technical translation
C. Creative, standard and technical translation
D. Dynamic, structural and literal translation
46. Languages that have descended from the same language are called
A. Proto-Languages B. Daughter Languages
C. Derived Languages D. Sister Languages
47. The linguistic processes which we observe to be taking place around us are the same as those which have operated in the past is stated by
A. the uniformitarian principle B. the cumulative principle
C. the principle of convergence D. the principle of formality
48. Gumperz makes an interesting observation that Hindi and Urdu are the same language, but in one certain differences become more and more magnified by one of the following reasons:
A. Hindi is written left to right in the Devanagari script, whereas Urdu is written right to left in the Arabic-Persian script.
B. Hindi draws on Sanskrit for its borrowings, Urdu draws on Arabic and Persian sources.
C. The Mother Tongue speakers ofHindi are Hindus and Urdu are Muslims.
D. Political differences make much of small linguistic differences.
49. Pidginization and Creolization processes be understood as involving:
A. pidgin formation and creole formation
B. degeneration and simplification
C. baby talk and telegraphic code
D. contact language formation
50. Which of these sections of the brain plays an important role In language production!comprehension?
A. Broca's and Wernicke's area B. Johnson's and Broca's area
C. Broca's area and Motor cortex D. Parietal lobe and Broca's area
51. Diagnostic Tests are primarily designed to
A. assess students' knowledge skills
B. sort new students into teaching groups
C. measure student's probable performance
D. show or evaluate mastery ofa particular syllabus
52. The goal of language teaching is to develop what according to Hymes (1972)
A. communicative competence B. functions oflanguage
C. language proficiency D. communicative principle
53. Lexicon is a set of generalizations over linguistic objects associated with some sort of
A. semantic properties
C. idiosyncrasies
54. Match the following:
a.
Asher

b.
Caleb Gattegno

c.
Krashen

d.
Fries

A.
a3, b2, cl, d4

C.
a2, b3, c4, dl


B. selectional restrictions
D. form and functions
1.
Aural-oral approach

2.
Total Physical Response Method

3.
The Silent Way

4.
Monitor Model Hypothesis


B. aI, b2, c3, d4
D. a4, b3, c2, dl
55. The uses cuisine rods and color coded pronunciation charts as effective means for language teaching.
A. suggestopedia B. silent way C. audio-lingual method D. direct method
56. The hypothesis that a group of speakers has an inadequate command of grammar and vocabulary to express complex ideas is called
A. difference hypothesis B. deficit hypothesis
C. genetic hypothesis D. uniformitarian hypothesis
57. is a procedure which can take a sentence in a natural language, analyze its grammatical structure and assign a meaning to it.
A. Generation B. Parsing C. Tagging D. Analysis

58. The notions of Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Relations were introduced by
A. Ferdinand de Saussure B. Charles F. Hockett
C. Zellig Harris D. Wilhelm von Humboldt
59. The hypothesis that the structure of our language to some extent determines the way we perceive the world is due to
A. linguistic relativity hypothesis B. uniformitarian hypothesis
C. genetic hypothesis D. innateness hypothesis
60. Grice's maxims of conversation are there obviously to be
A. obeyed B. flouted C. avoided D. conformed to
SECTION
Research Methodology (15 Marks)

61. OneofthefollowingisthemostappropriateObjective ofResearch:
A. to overcome or solve the problems occurring in our everyday life.
B. to analyze an event or process or phenomenon to identify the cause and effect relationship.
C. to develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories to solve and understand scientific and nonscientific problems.
D. to find solutions to scientific, nonscientific and social problems.
62. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue ofatheory?
A. It most simply means "explanation"
B. It answers the "how" and "why" questions
C. It can be a well-developed explanatory system
D. All ofthe above
63. What is the defining characteristic of experimental research?
A. Resistance to manipulation
B. Manipulation ofthe independent variable
C. The use of open-ended questions
D. Focuses only on local problems
64. Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known as
A. basic research B. combined research
C. mixed method research D. mixed model research

65. is a form of analysis in which you associate one variable with another to determine if there is a relationship between them.
A. Causal-comparative research B. Experimental research
C. Qualitative research D. Correlational research
66. A positive correlation is present when
A. two variables move in opposite directions
B. two variables move in the same direction
C. one variable goes up and one goes down
D. several variables never change
67. The act of publishing the same data and results in more than one journal or publication refers to which ofthe following professional issues:
A. Partial publication B. Duplicate publication
C. Deception D. Full publication
68. Investigating a research problem involves several steps: (arrange in the appropriate order)
i. rigorously formulated arguments
ii. analysis
iii. conclusion
iv.
a well-considered and detailed examination

A.
iv, ii, iii B. ii, iv, iii C. iv, iii, ii D. ii, iii, iv


69. Which ofthe following statements about plagiarism is most accurate?
A. It is so easy to "copy and paste" from the internet that everyone does it nowadays. If a proper reference is given, where is the harm in that?
B. How can we say for sure where our own ideas come from exactly? If we tried to give a reference for everything we could never hope to succeed.
C. ,Any suggestion that we have written what another actually wrote is morally wrong. Anyway, the whole point of a literature review is to show what we have read and what we thought about it.
D. Plagiarism is such an awful crime that those found guilty should be obliged to wear a scarlet "P" on their clothing.
70. 'Research methodology' refers to:
A. The sampling techniques.
B. The tools that the researcher uses.
C. The chain of association between the research question and the research design.
D. Qualitative and Quantitative methods involved.

71. Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?
A. Academic status and experience
B. Difficulties encountered in previous readings on the topic
C. Choice ofresearch methods and reasons for choosing them
D. All ofthe above
72. One ofthe following is the appropriate forms ofmotivation for research:
A. to get a research degree along with its benefits like better employment, promotion, increment in salary, etc.
B. to get a knowledge ofResearch Grants and how to write Research Grant Proposals.
C. to get a research position in countries like U.S.A., Canada, Germany, England, Japan, Australia, etc.
D. curiosity to find new things
73. Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?
A. deductive method B. inductive method
C. deductive nomological method D. pattern method
74. Which ofthe following refers to an intensive and in-depth study about one individual?
A. Descriptive research B. Ethnography
C. Case study D. Experimental research
75; A researcher likes to identify the attitudes of a set of individuals about a particular set of facts. Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for the above goal?
A. Case study B. Laboratory observation
C. Standardized test D. Questionnaire