1. .In Generative phonology does not involve whole but
A. segnaents, features B. phonenaes, segnaents
C. phonenaes, allophones D. segnlents, sounds
2. lnaportant to the Optinlality Theory is an idea of cOlnpeting constraints which can be ranked in inaportance with respect to each other. A ranking inlplies that
A. a less inaportant constraint can sOlnetinaes be violated in order to obey a naore ilnportant constraint
B. constraints once correctly identified should naatch up with the range of sound patterns seen across languages
C. languages differ in how they rank particular constraints
D. lnarkedness constraints prohibit marked structures and faithfulness constraints nailitate against deviations frona input fornas
3. In a naetrical text, the snaallest naetrically relevant phonological constituent is
A. the naora B. the nucleus C. the rinae D. the syllable
4. Functional Phonology (Boersnaa, 1998)
A. Does not assunae a Universal Grananaar but accounts for processes that can be found in all languages by their functionality
B. Reintroduces perceptional and articulatory representations
C. and
D. None of the above
5. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly.
A

Prosodic phonology


Autoseglnental phonology


Generative phonology


Constraint-based phonology

A.


B.


C.


D.



B

Goldsnaith


Prince Slnolensky


Chomsky Halle
Firth
6. Which among the following advocates for the sinaplest possible analysis in language reconstruction?
°A. The principle ofecononay B. The principle offrequency
C. The principle ofnaturalness D. Occam's Razor

7. A Sound Change which is highly regular brings irregularity but analogy which is essentially irregular brings regularity is often known as
A. Sturtevant's paradox
.B. Schlegel's paradox

C. Labov's principle oflinguistic change
D. Grimm's Law ofsound change
8. With reference to Chain shifts in historical linguistics, identify from among the following, an unrelated terminology.
A. Drag chains B. Push chains
C. Pull chains D. Solidarity chain
9. The formulation" 0 Y X Z " represents a sound change condition known as
A. Loss B. Anaptyxis
C. Epenthesis D. Excresence
10. The two main issues that dominated the early course of historical linguistics are:
A. Synchronic irregularity and Cross-language similarity
B. Synchronic irregularity and Sound change
C. Cross-language similarity and Sound change Analogy
D. Cross-language similarity and Analogy
11. Which ofthe following statements is not true?
A. Derivation may cause a change ofcategory
B. Inflectional affixes have a regular meaning
C. Derivational affixes are nearer to the root than inflectional affixes
D. Derivation is productive, inflection is semi-productive
12. Uninterruptability means
A. Extraneous material cannot be introduced into the middle ofthe word-form
B. Ordering ofitems within a word-form is usually fixed and non-contrastive
C. The word-form as a whole cannot be moved
D. none ofthe above
13. A clear match between meaning and form implies
A. Diagrammaticity
B. Transparency
C. Constructional iconicity
D. Phonological naturalness

14. Identify the correct statement.
A. The grammatical category of a morphologically complex word is determined by its head.
.B. The grammatical category of a morphologically complex word is determined by its non-head.
C. The grammatical category of a morphologically complex word is determined neither by the head nor the non-head.
D. Morphologically complex words are not headed at all.
15. Identify a relevant statement which holds true.
A. Both morphological and syntactic inflections are realized overtly.
B. Morphological inflection is realized overtly while syntactic inflection mayor may not be overtly realized.
C. SYntactic inflection is realized overtly while morphological inflection mayor not be overtly realized.
D. None ofthe above statements is true.
16. The Case Filter is stated thus:
A. *NP ifNP has semantic content and has no Case.
B. *NP ifNP has phonetic content and has no Case.
C. *NP ifNP has no semantic content and has no Case.
D. *NP ifNP has no phonetic content and has Case.
17. As a principle of phrase structure, Kayne's Linear Correspondence Axiom is a linear ordering ofT" can be simplified/restated as:
A. A terminal node a precedes another terminal node if and only if a symmetrically c-commands p.
B. A terminal node a precedes another terminal node if and only if a
asymmetrically c-commands p.

C. A terminal node a precedes another terminal node if and only if a
asymmetrically m-commands p.

D. A terminal node a precedes another terminal node if and only ifa
asymmetrically both c-commands and m-commands

18. Identify a term which is not part ofthe economy principles in Minimalist Program.
A. Procrastinate B. Shortest move C. Wh-movement D. Greed
19. Chomsky's Leftness condition states that
A. A constituent that contains a linked pronoun but not the antecedent variable
B. A variable cannot be the antecedent of a pronoun to its left
C. If X c-commands then Y is not an antecedent of X
D. None ofthe above


20. Which ofthe following statements is correct?
A. Infinite Syntax; Analytic Syntax; Simpler Syntax; Core Syntax; are names ofbooks.
B. Infinite Syntax and Core Syntax are names ofbooks, Analytic Syntax and Simpler Syntax are not.
C. Infinite Syntax; Simpler Syntax and Core Syntax are names ofbooks, Analytic Syntax is not.
D. Infinite Syntax and Analytic Syntax are names ofbooks, Simpler Syntax and Core Syntax are not.
21. A lexical item P can be defined as a of Q if all the features of Q are contained in the feature specification of P.
A. hetronym B. homonym C. hyponym D. homophone
22. A sentence of the form PVQ is true if
A. both P and Q are true B. either P or Q is true
C. both and D. not and not
23. Which among the following statements is not true?
A. Propositions are not sentences
B. Propositions are abstract entities which may be asserted or denied by making Statements
C. Propositions are timeless or tenseless
D. Sentences-(i) "It is raining"; "It was raining" and "It will be raining" do not express the same propositions
24. Assertion Constative utterances are statements having the property of being either true or false. Assertion II: Performative utterances have no truth value.
A. Both assertions are false
B. Both assertions are true
C. Assertion-I is false; Assertion-II is true
D. Assertion-I is true; Assertion-II is false
25. The principle of compositionality states that
A. every sentences is composed of words.
B. every word is composed ofmorphemes and meaning.
C. the meaning ofa complex expression is a function ofthe meanings of its constituents and the manner in which they are combined.
D. every word can be decomposed into a set of attribute-value pairs in terms ofform and meaning.

26. Dialects are not
A. socially and/or regionally constrained
B. standardized
. C. linguistically similar to and mutually intelligible with other dialects

D. marked with socio-political boundaries
27. In theories ofcode-switching, the Functional Head constraint claims that
A. one ofthe languages involved in code-switching plays a more dominant role.
B. code-switching between a category and the elements it governs is not grammatical.
C. code-switching is not grammatical between a functional head and its complement.
D. around the switching point, the order ofthe constituents must be grammatically correct in both languages.
28. In a social network, a situation where individuals know the central members of the group but not each other is referred to as
A. Multiplex network B. Complex network
C. High density network D. Low density network
29. A correct match of the following represents Fishman's (1967) classification of the relations between bilingualism and diglossia. Identify the same.
A B

Bilingualism without diglossia Classical and colloquial Arabic in Egypt


Bilingualism with diglossia Guarani-Spanish bilingualism in Paraguay


Diglossia without bilingualism German-English bilingualism in Germany


Neither diglossia nor bilingualism Monolingual parts ofthe USA

A.


B.


C.


D.



30. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly. AB

Expansion diffusion Innovations descend down from large city to smaller cities


Relocation diffusion Wave model diffusion


Contra-hierarchical diffusion Forms are transported to a geographically non­contiguous community


Urban hierarchy diffusion Innovations descend to urban from rural areas

A.


B.


C.


D.




SECTION
Applied Linguistics (30 Marks)

31. Which among the following is not a characteristic feature ofBroca's Aphasia?
A. Preservation B. Circumlocution
C. Aggramatism D. Telegraphic speech
32. Word spurt is a stage in lexical acquisition that occurs in children between months ofage.
A. six to twelve B. eight to eighteen
C. fifteen to twenty four D. twenty four to thirty six
33. According to Piaget, which among the four stages of cognitive development IS characterized by a child's "egocentric' nature?
A. Sensory motor stage B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage D. Formal operational stage
34. A child diagnosed with peripheral dyslexia would exhibit
A. reading difficulty
B. inability to read pronounceable non-words
C. inability to match visual words to the word's meaning
difficulty in matching visual characteristics of letters to a stored memory or the prior encounters ofthe letter.

35. I4yntify a correct statement.
A. Frontal lobe is the seat ofcomprehension of spoken and written language
B. Temporal lobe bears the function of language production
C. Insula plays a role in language production and perception
D. Cerebellum is also called the "small brain"
36. Total physical response method of language teaching is rooted in the notion that
A. Language learning should start with understanding and then move on to production
B. Culturing communicative competence in learners is the primary goal of language Teaching
C. Learning is facilitated ifthe learner discovers what is to be learned by himself
D. None ofthe above
37. Which among the following is a language teaching method that appreciated the notion that the difference between the native language and the target language is the reason for the difficulties a learner might encounter.
A. Contrastive analysis B. Grammar translation method
C. Audiolingual method D. None ofthe above

38. The concept of Interlanguage claims that in language learning,
A. Errors occur because of interference from other languages
B. Errors can be avoided
C. Errors occur in a systematic way
D. Errors are desirable
39. "A child first observes the communication pattern of adults around him and then later develops the ability himself to communicate". This is a position adopted by
A. Vygotsky B. Chomsky C. Piaget D. Skinner
40. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly:
A B

Proficiency Tests are designed to determine the areas in which learners may need help


Achievement Tests are conducted at the end of a course


Diagnostic Tests try to predict to what extent a person will succeed in learning L2.


Prognostic Tests test how much of L2 a learner has mastered

A.


B.


C.


D.



41. In the formula m pY2, (Zipfs formula for the relationship between meaning and word-frequency) m stands for the number ofmeanings and P for
A. Absolute frequency B. Contrastive frequency
C. Correlational frequency D. Relative frequency
42. Greenberg's typological approach was set against
A. Anthropological relativism B. Relational grammar
C. Universal grammar D. Nativism
43. In Typology, universals that apply to every known language and are quite few in number are referred to as
A. implicational universals B. absolute universals
C. statistical universals D. substantive universals

44. Greenberg's Universal -29 states that:
A. If a language has discontinuous affixes, it always has either prefixing or suffixing
or both.
.B. If a language is exclusively suffixing, it is postpositional.

C. Ifa language has inflection, it always has derivation.
D. Ifeither the subject or object noun agrees with the verb in gender, then the adjective always agree with the noun in gender.
45. One of the following does not belong to Hockett's Grammatical Universals category. Identify:
A. Every human language has proper names.
B. Among the deictic elements of every human language is one that denotes the speaker and one that denotes the addressee.
C. The channel for all linguistic communication is vocal-auditory.
D. A major form-class distinction reminiscent of "noun" versus "verb" is universal, though not always at the same size-level.
46. A simplest type of grammar which, with a finite amount of apparatus, can generate an infinite number of sentences is called.
A. infinite state grammar B. finite state grammar
C. finite set grammar D. infinite set grammar
47. is a strong computational formalism that addresses how to extract grammatical relations from a sentence in a language such as English.
A.:Lexical Functional Grammar B. Phrase structure Grammar
C. Relational Grammar D. Tree-adjoining Grammar
48. One ofthe following is an incorrect arithmetic expression in perl. Identify it.
A. $add B. $mul 5 x C. $div D. $sub . 49. A non-deterministic automaton is used in building a
A. morphological analyzer B. morphological generator
C. POS tagger D. Chunker
50. systems are used in efficient ways of searching and retrieving knowledge and information available in written texts and documents.
A. Optical Character Recognition B. Word Processor
C. Information retrieval D. Naturallanguage processor

51. The use ofcontrolled defining vocabulary and a preference for user friendly style with full sentence defining is found in
A. Bilingual Dictionary
. B. Historical Dictionary

C. Etynlological Dictionary
D. Monolingual Learner's Dictionary
52. dictionary is a dictionary which is organized by senlantic criteria and thus leads the user from concepts to expressions.
A. onomasiological
B. traditional extended
C. electronic
D. onomatopoeic
53. Copulative compound is also known as
A. Tatpurusha compound
B. Dvandva compound
C. Bahuvrihi compound
D. Karmadharya compound
54. Which of the following does not represent members ofone group?
A. Gorum; Remo; luang; Kharia
B. Ho; Korku; Santali; Mundari
C. Hindi; Persian; Bengali; Romany
D. German; Spanish; French; English
55. It is not true that
A. All Tibeto-Burman languages do not have tones.
B. In some Munda languages, verbs and adjectives are one and the same.
C. Monkhmer languages in South Asia are to be found only in North East India.
D. All Indo-Aryan languages are verb-final word.
56. An approach to second or foreign language education that integrates theoretical and empirical foundations for good pedagogy with a focus on tangible learning outcomes especially with regard to what learners are able to do with the language is known as
A.·Radical Language Teaching
B. Task-based Language Teaching
C. Computer-assisted Language Teaching
D. Content-based Language Teaching.

r
Page 11 of14
57. In Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India, for all the languages surveyed, the data collected does not include
A. a recital ofthe Biblical parable ofthe Prodigal son
. B. a piece of folklore, prose or verse

C. a translation of a list of 241 words or phrases
D. an analysis ofthe language family
58. According to Stewart a 'classical' language has the following properties
A. Standardization, Autonomy, Historicity and Vitality
B. Standardization, Literary, Historicity and Vitality
C. Standardization, Autonomy, Historicity and Domain centricity
D. Vitality, Autonomy, Historicity and Domain centricity
59. A linguistic area, implies
A. Identifiable geographical boundaries of a language family
B. Specific linguistic features demarcating language families
C. Shared linguistic features within a language family
D. Shared linguistic features across language families
60. In Remarks on Nominalization, it is argued that derived nouns should be treated as
A. derived from a base B. independent lexemes C., syntactic phrases D. sentences
SECTION
Research Methodology (15 Marks)

61. In the Hypothesis-driven research commonly used in the investigation of linguistic diversity,
A. data collection is driven by the need to test the predictions of formal hypotheses
B. data collection is necessarily a requirement for hypotheses formulation
C. data collection is carried out in a fixed time period
D. data collection is done using attested questionnaires such as the Lingua Descriptive Studies Questionnaire
62. According to the Katz-Fodor semantic theory, "a semantic theory describes and explains the interpretive ability of speakers". By "interpretive ability", Katz and Fodor mean
A. the ability to understand a language
B. the ability to use a language
C. the ability to understand and use sentences of a language
D. the ability to understand, analyze and use sentences in a language

63. The use of computational techniques to analyze IS generally termed as computational morphology.
A. changes in sound patterns
B. sentences into phrases
C. words in terms of parts of speech
D. word structure
64. is a theory of morphology/phonology which models phonological rules as finite-state well-formedness constraints on the mapping between lexical and surface form.
A. Inflectional morphology
B. Derivational morphology
C. Two-level morphology
D. Relational morphology
65. Contemporary Discourse Analysis
A. examine particulars of communication through ethnographic methods of participant-0bservation
B. focus on the emergence ofmeaning during face-to-face interactions
C. provide detailed linguistic analyses oftexts and their relationships to their context
D. All the above
66. The Language acquisition theory which focuses on the importance of care-giver speech is also known as
A. the Innatist theory
B. the Social Interactionalist theory
C. the Modular theory
D. the Behaviorist theory
67. Generalizations of crosslinguistic hypothesis testing
A. have no direct link to the linguistic knowledge of individual speakers
B. are limited to phenomena that have some crosslinguistic motivation
C. take into account only those universal linguistic phenomena that we know about
D. are applied when linguists work out an inflectional paradigm in a language
68. In Lexical Phonology Morphology Model the distribution of primary and secondary affixes conforms to one ofthe following:
A. Primary affixes are attached at Level-l while secondary ones at level-2
B. Primary affixes are attached at Level-l and secondary ones at level-3
C. Primary affixes are attached at level-2 while secondary ones at Level-3
D. Primary affixes are attached at level-2 while secondary ones at level-l


69. The Reference Hierarchy for the classification of noun phrases for a typology of articles as provided in WALS is
A. anaphoric definites nonanaphoric definites pragmatically specific indefinites> pragmatically nonspecific (but semantically specific) indefinites> semantically nonspecific indefinites
B. anaphoric definites nonanaphoric definites pragmatically specific definites
pragmatically nonspecific (but semantically specific) indefinites> semantically nonspecific indefinites
C. anaphoric definites nonanaphoric definites pragmatically specific definites pragmatically nonspecific (but semantically specific) definites semantically nonspecific indefinites
D. anaphoric definites anaphoric indefinites> pragmatically specific indefinites> pragmatically nonspecific (but semantically specific) indefinites> semantically nonspecific indefinites.
70. One of the research techniques that analyzes characteristics of incoming auditory stimuli processed by individual hemispheres in the brain is
A. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B. Evoked Response Potential
Ce. Dichotic listening
D.eBroca's area

71. Experimentally based approaches to data-collection attempted to replace personal introspection data include
A. Forced-choice questionnaires and Open-ended Interviews
B. Subject performance tasks and Appropriate Response methodology
Ce.;Both and

D. Neither nor
72. "... concepts such as creativity or generative grammar... brought about by the Chomskyan revolution find a direct and crucial application to language teaching practice" (Roca, 1979). With the application of grammatical theory, some of the developments in the field of Second language learning in the 1970's and 80's include explanations of learners' errors in concepts such as
A. the Right Roof Constraint
B. the Markedness Differential Hypothesis
C. Neither nor
D. and
73. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly. AB

Burzio's generalization article


Bach's generalization Case


Boskovic's generalizations Complementizer


Kayne-Jaeggli generalization Passive



A.
B.
C.
D.
7f1.. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly. AB

Argument Linking Principle Lieber


Structure Preserving Principle Ross


Listing Principle (iii) Borer


Locality Principle Chomsky

A.


B.


C.


D.



75. Match the following and choose the answer accordingly. AB

Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus F.B. Kuiper . Proto Munda Words in Sanskrit S. Bhattacharya


Kolami: A Dravidian Language M.B. Emeneau


Ollari: A Dravidian Speech P.K. Benedict


A.
B.
C.
D.