Discuss the contributions of Fayol in the development of management thought.

(b) Explain the concept of Perception and state the factors which have a bearing on the perceptual process of an individual. Explain five ways of employee empowerment in modern smart governmental organisations.

(d) Discuss contingent and transformational leadership styles with suitable examples from government and private sectors.

(e) What is Job Satisfaction What is its relationship with employees' intention to stay, productivity, absenteeism, turnover and accidents Answer in the context of Knowledge Based Organisations.

2.(a) Define Conflict. What are Intrapersonal and Interpersonal conflicts? How can these be resolved? Give examples. What is the relationship between 'entrepreneurship and innovation? Discuss different types of innovations.

(c) Organisational Behaviour is of multidisciplinary nature. Name 10 disciplines including emerging disciplines which contributed to make organisational behaviour. Give one example for each of the disciplines.

3.(a) What is Motivation How can Maslow's Hierarchy theory be used to motivate employees in an organisation? Explain. Explain the components of the technology enabled HRIS and feedback mechanism in an organisation. Do they lead to increased motivation and morale? Substantiate.

(c) What are the potential sources and consequences of stress m the organisational context? How can we deal with them?

4.(a) Explain the challenges of Human Resource Planning in the context of demographic and technological changes. "A business organisation's sole responsibility is to further the interest of its owners within the boundaries of legal framework and business organisations cannot be charged with social responsibilities." Do you agree with the statement? Explain.

(c) What is organisational culture How can organisational culture be
built? Explain.

5.(a) Define Job Costing and Process Costing. In what ways is Job Costing different from Process Costing?

(b) Explain the importance of Management Accounting in financial decisions.

(c) "The success of a company depends on its well-planned capital structure." Examine.

(d) Explain the Miller-Orr model of cash management. How is this model helpful in determination of appropriate cash balance?

(e) Market segmentation is a compromise between efficiency and effectiveness. Critically evaluate this statement.

6.(a) Define Standard Cost and Standard Costing. How is Standard Costing useful in the effective control over the cost?

(b) Why is customer retention important in the current marketing environment Explain the strategies that could be adopted to retain customers for a long period of time.

(c) Explain the operating cycle concept of working capital. How is a close study of operating cycle helpful in the management of working capital? Explain.

7.(a) "Equity capital and Retained earnings provide cost-free capital." Do you agree with this statement Explain the methods for determining their costs.

(b) Define funds from operations. How is it computed Explain with example.

(c) Positioning is done in the consumer's mind and not of product. Explain its relevance in the context of a competitive market.

8.(a) What is the purpose of reconciling Cost and Financial Accounts Explain the causes of difference between costing profits and financial profits.

(b) The consumer does not take buying decisions randomly. Explain the various steps of the consumer decision-making process.

(c) "Leverage serves as a tool which cuts both ways. On one hand it increases the risk and on the other it provides an opportunity to increase return on investment." Critically examine this statement.