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1. Contemporary psychology can be defined as the science of

mind and consciousness behaviour and conciousness


mind and behaviour soul and behaviour


2. Sample values are frequently referred to as and population values are called

Mean, SD statistics, parameters


parameter, statistics sub data, data


3. The true experiments performed under laboratory conditions are characterized by

maximum internal validity but low external validity


very low internal validity but very high external validity


very high internal validity and very high external validity


poor internal validity and poor external validity


4. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in

Austria America


Germany England


5. In studies following non-experimental methods an investigator can

draw the subjects randomly


randomly assign the subjects to treatment conditions


control the independent variable


none of the above


6. Best psychological research uses

case studies correlational studies


experiments none of the above


7. Which of the following approaches to psychology tried to analyze conscious experience into elements

Gestalt psychology Psychoanalysis


Structuralism Functionalism


8. In view of the definition of the scientific method, psychology is science because it uses .............


hypothesis testing quantification


objective and precise methods laboratory research


9. To precisely understand the processes underlying any developmental phenomenon a researcher should use

case study approach cross-sectional study


experimental inquiry longitudinal investigation


10. An experiment, including control group, is essential for one to make statements about

correlation causality


moderation mediation


11. The early psychological investigations concerned themselves with

the behaviour of animals the behaviour of people


conscious experience emotional and mental problems


12. Kohlberg's ideas about moral development are theoretically linked to

Eastern religious thought Piaget's cognitive stages


Freud's psychosexual ideas Responsibility and justice


13. The study of healthy people was the basis of the theory developed by

Rogers Bandura


Maslow Murray


14. The tendency to attribute behaviour to internal causes to a greater extent is called

Correspondence bias Experimenter effect


Self serving bias None of the above


15. The congnitive processes involved in higher level processing are fed back to previous processing stages and influence the processing at these stages are known as ..................... processes.

bottom up top down


parallel correspondent


16. What is the main function of the nervous system

It provides the cells, the nutrients and oxygen


It processes information in the body


It protects the body against disease and infection


It eliminates wastes and creates energy


17. What is the function of the peripheral nervous system

It is responsible for spinal reflexes


It regulates emotional expressions


It connects the rest of the body with the brain and spinal cord


It regulates sleep


18. Which of the following takes help of magnetic field in examining brain activity

EEG PET


CAT MRI


19. Which part of a nerve cell carries information to other cells

soma axon


dendrite nucleus


20. Which one of the following communicates between other neurons

sensory neuron motor neuron


inter neuron axillary neuron


21. Gray matter in the nervous system consists of

glial cells only


myelinated axons


myelinated axons, axon terminals, synapses, dendrites


glial cells, neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons


22. Blood pressure and heart rate are regulated by

medulla oblongata thalamus


cerebellum reticular formation


23. Which of the following is primarily responsible for our long and short term stress reactions

gonads adrenal


pineal thyroid


24. The substances secreted by glands in the endocrine system are known as

phonemes endorphins


pheromones hormones


25. Damage to structures in the limbic system produces changes in

sensory processing pituitary hormone levels


emotions and memory levels of alertness


26. In majority of the people, language is processed in the

frontal lobes occipital region


right hemisphere left hemisphere


27. The ability to see the world in three dimensions is also called

monocular vision depth perception


sensory adaptation perceptual inference


28. According to Gestalt law that tells that a group of identically uniformed boys must all be part of the same unit is

continuity closure


similarity constancy


29. Only a .................... credible communicator is effective arguing an extreme position.


moderately highly


male female


30. Which of the following is a binocular cue for perceiving distance

closure convergence


interposition accommodation


31. Perceptual constancy refers to

Ability for concentrating on visual inputs even though information is coming from other senses


Information combination from all the sensory inputs to provide consistent picture of the world


Tendency to view things as unchanging even though viewing conditions are changing


None of the above


32. According to Freud the stages of child development are based on

cognitive maturity pattern of unfolding of genetic potential


social interactions with peers pleasurable feelings in specific body parts


33. If intelligence consists of several different types of abilities, and if some individuals have more of some abilities and less of others and if different parts of an intelligence test measure each of these abilities, the test would have low

Face validity Discriminability


Internal consistency Retest reliability


34. Which of the following is an example of an objective test of personality

WISC Rorschach


MMPI TAT


35. Bina is of six years old. She took an intelligence test and her mental age was found to be nine. This implies that her intelligence score is

below normal normal


above normal none of the above


36. ..................... in development refers to the capacity of persons raised in difficult environment to rise above and achieve healthy development.

Adaptation Resilience


Responsivity Generativity


37. The ability to recognize the emotions of others to understand these feelings and to experience them is

empathy esympathy


altruism attachment


38. A child possesses adult-quality vision at .............. of age.


six months one year


two years three years


39. According to Piaget's theory object permanence occurs at ................ stage.


sensorimotor preoperational


concrete operational formal operational


40. Harlow's study with monkeys showed the significance of ........................ during early development.


environmental stimulation nutrition


physical contact sibling rivalry


41. The emotionally deprived children are more likely to appear as relatively more

aggressive pessimistic


fearful dependent


42. Stage theories of development tend to conceptualize human development in terms of the assumption that the stages

must be taken in order are associated with specific ages


are based on reflexes can be skipped if the child is very intelligent


43. The tendency of people in conflict to attribute similar virtues to themselves and vices to others is called

social comparison mirror images perceptions


equity simplistic perception


44. Which one of the following is not an area of established sex difference

females have greater verbal ability than males


males have greater visual spatial ability than females


males are more aggressive than females


males are more analytic than females


45. Individuals get exactly equal genetic material of his/her

brother or sister fraternal twin


mother or father identical twin


46. In order to control the effect of researchers prefer the use of nonsense syllables in the experiments of verbal learning.

fatigue recency


familiarity primacy


47. The information in terms of sound is maintained in code.

semantic acoustic


iconic information


48. Development research shows that infant development proceeds

unpredictably, depending on environmental stimulation


from the head and body toward the extremities


from the arms to the legs


slowly up the limbs, beginning at the fingers and toes


49. Baby Ramesh is making faces at the mirror. This probably means that

he is in the process of developing conservation


he has yet not decentered


he has attained object permanence


he recognizes his own image as being himself


50. The attachment theory of Bowlby maintains that an infant's need to have a caregiver in the first few months of life is

less significant in an extended family setting


socially determined


genetically determined


unimportant for later development


51. The following style of parenting fosters competence in adolescents

neglecting authoritarian


authoritative permissive


52. The value conflict during closing decades of life involves

Generativity vs. self-absorption Initiative vs. guilt


Industry vs. inferiority Integrity vs. despair


53. An elderly adult's physical health can often be predicted by the person's

job status income


social life IQ


54. Levenson describes the progression of adult stages as cycles of

happiness and pain completeness and incompleteness


depression and mania building up and tearing down


55. The onset of menstruation is earlier among some children today because of

increased education and reporting


evolution of stronger and more early maturing people


improvement in health and nutrition


stronger hormonal influences


56. As children grow older, aggression becomes

more environmentally induced more verbal


less frequent more physical


57. The kind of cognitive change that happens as the child moves from preconventional to conventional moral thinking is

reduced egocentrism improved fluidity in thinking


greater ability for conservation increased capacity for representation


58. When the delivery of reinforcement is made after a fixed number of responses, it is termed as schedule.

fixed-ratio fixed-interval


fixed-trial intermittent-interval


59. Semantic memory stores memory for

Events and happenings Names and biographies


Grammar and events Basic meaning of words and concepts


60. The learning situation in classical conditioning is characterized as

S-R learning S-S learning


learning R-S learning


61. The principle which states that a fixed amount of time is necessary to learn a fixed amount of material is known as

One errorless principle Fixed Trial principle


Fixed Time and Fixed Trial principle Total time principle


62. In instrumental conditioning the reinforcement is contingent on

The experimenter's will Fixed time


Subject's efforts Right response


63. The process by which a stimulus or an event strengthens or increases the probability of a behavoiour is known as

Conditioning Counter conditioning


Reinforcement All of the above


64. The theory of forgetting which holds that passing of time causes forgetting is known as

Time lag theory Trace decay theory


Chemical change theory Structural theory


65. Bartlett started research on the study of remembering of

nonsense syllables words


stories skills


66. The two-factor theory of forgetting proposes that one of the factors of forgetting is unlearning of first list responses and the other factor is

Decay of the traces


Spontaneous recovery


Failure of decoding


Interference of the first test responses with the second test responses


67. Thinking includes

Memory Awareness of the information


Making decisions All of the above


68. The term that represents a class or category of objects, events, or activities are known as

Concepts Mental image


Cognition Prototypes


69. Which one of the following describes natural concepts

they are not based on precise attributes


they are not based on clear cut boundaries


they are based on prototypes


none of the above


70. ................... often yield much more efficiently the same answer as do ............... .


algorithms, heuristics heuristics, algorithms


engrams, reasoning logic, expert system


71. The solution of a problem that comes in the form of "aha!" moment is marked by

Trial and error Conditioning


Insight Imitation


72. The tendency to notice and remember primary information that lends supports to our views is called

confirmation bias meta cognitive processing


hindsight effect state dependent retrieval


73. Negative reinforcement is a process by which the probability of behaviour

is increased is decreased


remains same none of the above


74. The convergent and divergent thinking in Guilford's Structure-of-Intellect Model belongs to

Contents Operations


Products All of the above


75. Creativity tests are usually

Close-ended Fixed answered


Open-ended Yes-no type


76. The triarchic theory of intelligence was proposed by

Thurstone Gardner


JP DAS Sternberg


77. The psychological tests that are language-free and eliminate skills and feelings are called

Culture-sensitive tests Culture-bias tests


Culture-fair tests Performance tests


78. are formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered.

Mnemonics Schema


Perceptions Heuristics


79. Linguistic relativity hypothesis assumes that

people speaking different languages may perceive the world differently


people's thought is independent of language


language is dependent on thought


none of the above


80. The phenomenon that the last items of a list are found easier to memorize than the items in the middle of the list is explained by the law of .......................

frequency primary


recency contrast


81. Meta cognition refers to a higher order process through which

episodes are learned


knowledge about objects are gained


knowledge about one's mental processes is obtained


procedure knowledge is acquired


82. The memory of an unfinished task is related to ......................... condition(s).


task-obstructed ego-oriented


both the above motivation-oriented


83. Available internal or external stimuli which help in recalling (recovering) the information from memory are called

Mnemonics Encoding cues


Retrieval cues Responsible cues


84. According to Piaget conservation develops at ........................ stage.


sensorimotor preoperational


concrete operations formal operations


85. ......................... is the ability of the brain to be modifiable by the environment.


Summation Accommodation


Synaptic pruning Plasticity


86. Who are most vulnerable to death, damage, and/or defect during development

females at all ages younger males and older females


younger females, older males males at all ages


87. Erikson believes that stages of development are defined by

source of sexual gratification available cognitive operations


social conflict to be resolved characteristic defense mechanisms


88. Harlow's research with monkeys points to the importance of .........................


environmental stimulation nutrition


physical contact sibling rivalry


89. Children are probabilistic in thinking during ........................ stage.


sensorimotor preoperational


concrete operations formal operations


90. One of the central concepts in Maslow's theory of motivation deals with

genetic survival


the balancing of critical biological functions


relative importance of various human needs


significance of biology


91. Which of the following statements holds true about the experience of stress

it is a property of the environment


it is something we do in response to the environment


it is a purely psychological phenomenon


it is a purely automatic biological reaction


92. A person who possesses a sense of competence, or the belief that she is in charge of what she does, is said to be high in

the need for achievement Type B characteristics


self-efficacy intrinsic motivation


93. Emotion-focused coping techniques are most often used when

problem-focused techniques are impractical


the individual has little feeling of self-efficacy


the person is most optimistic


medical approaches have not proved effective


94. Which statement is most true

frustration always results in anger frustration usually leads to anger


anger always causes frustration anger usually causes frustration


95. When a crowd becomes anonymous and irresponsible, it is said to be

deindividuated misdirected


consolidated none of the above


BKU-14153-A 14
96. Which form of punishment creates high anxiety in children

hitting love withdrawal


yelling punishment is unrelated to anxiety


97. Charisma is the property of

authoritarian leaders situational leaders


transformational leaders all three equally share


98. Which pair is incorrect
1.
Competence Sheldon White

2.
Needs hierarchy Maslow

3.
Achievement Motivation-McClelland



1 is correct 1 and 3 are correct


2 and 3 are correct all are correct


99. In Freud's theory the stage that follows resolution of the Oedipus complex is

genital stage latency stage


oral stage anal stage


100. Stress is best understood as

unpleasant characteristic of the environment


physical situations demanding emotional response


response to events that disrupt or threaten to disrupt psychological functioning


hardships that interfere with normal life


101. People with Type A personalities seem to lack

awareness of other's behaviour awareness of own bodily states


sense of time concentration on a task


102. Problem-focused coping strategies attempt to manage stress by

changing the way we think about our difficulties


changing the psychological responses we make to stressors


eliminating the stressor in the environment


calming the emotional feelings that result from stress


103. Primary motives are to acquired motives as

biological is to learned constant is to variable


adaptive is to non adaptive simple is to complex


104. Henry Murray developed the Thematic Apperception Test with whom

J. Bruner C.L. Hull


B.F. Skinner C. Morgan


105. Studies indicate that attitudes do not consistently predict behaviour because

as measured attitudes are often very general and behaviour is specific


attitudes are evaluative and behaviour is not


specific aspects of situations may prevent attitudes from being expressed


none of the above


106. The peripheral routes to persuasion involve

heuristics


dissonance


paying more attention to events in periphery


displaying greater cognitive consistency


107. Perception of objects and people are similar in the following respect

both are fixed in their nature by first impressions


both rely on vision


both involve the construction of stable or invariant characteristics


both involve the resolution of cognitive dissonance


108. Stereotypes

are like heuristics may be accurate


may be distorted and


109. The decision by a person that another person's behaviour was internally caused is an example of

situational factors impression management


attribution illusory correlation


110. The self serving bias is proposed to explain

the actor-observer difference


the greater inclination to make dispositional attributions about the self in cases of success


the fundamental attribution error


and


111. The idea of social exchange reflects
the slavery system tit-for-tat
the money economy forced compliance

112. Diffusion of responsibility demonstrates

pluralistic ignorance


social exchange


cost of intervention


decreased responsibility in the presence of fewer observers


113. Anonymity promotes

social facilitation social loafing


social exchange deindividuation


114. The major critique of Milgram's experiment is

whether findings should be made public


the administration of shocks to the subjects


whether subjects should be exposed to high levels of distress


the non representative type of sample


115. Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of Zimbardo's prison experiment

Responsibility leads to maturity Familiarity breeds contempt


Power corrupts Authority elicits obedience


116. As compared to individuals decision in a group often results in

more erroneous more extreme


more conservative more clear


117. The state experienced by people when they discover inconsistency between two attitudes they hold or between their attitudes and their behaviour is called

trivilalization compliance


dissonance hypocrisy


118. Which of the following statements is not correct

Prejudice will not exist where all people have equal status


There are no effective ways to change prejudice


Prejudice perpetuates itself


Prejudice seems to be a natural process


119. Which one of the following is consistent with self-perception theory

People unconsciously observe themselves behaving and infer attitudes from behaviour


People unconsciously use techniques of persuasion on themselves to justify their actions


When people look at themselves, they ignore situational factors


People discover themselves as they resolve cognitive dissonance


120. Anisha is intrinsically motivated to do a work, the provision of reward will

Facilitate her performance


Interfere her performance


Interfere as well as facilitate her performance


Neither facilitate nor interfere her performance


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ROUGH WORK