1. Environmental degradation in India is not because of development but due to lack of
development. Discuss merits and limitations of the statement.
India is an emerging economy. Is this statement true in the context of vulnerable sections of our society Discuss.
2. Women are key drivers of any development process. Argue "for" and "against" this statement.
Why is female age of marriage still low in India Explain with illustrations.
3. Given a set of age specific death rates, how you get lcolumn of life table. Also x discuss how we use this column in analysis.
"Standardization" is an important tool for comparison in time and space. Describe
how this technique helps in improving inference on comparison of two crude rates.
What is the difference between Total Fertility Rate Gross Reproduction Rate and Net Reproduction Rate How do we compute NRR How will you explain these indicators to a non-demographer
What are the merits and demerits of Central Place Theory of Christaller in measuring the hierarchy of human settlements
Where are the settlements fragmented and scattered in India Give reasons for the same.
Enumerate the impact of physical and economic factors that influence the spatial pattern of distribution of population.
Identify the factors and processes that affect ecological balance in the context of
socio-economic development in India.
What are the centrifugal and centripetal forces that influence spatial organisation of the economy in India Give examples.
5. Bring out the inherent conflicts between short-term and long-term goal of population and sustainable development.
3. What are the programme interventions offered under Reproductive and Child Health Programme to promote the health status of children and women
4. Comment why the "unmet need" for family planning is still high in India.
5. What is the difference between contraceptive prevalence rate and couple protection
rate Give methods of their computation and indicate sources of data.
(contraceptive prevalence rate) (coupleprotection rate
6. Explain the difference in cohort and period measures of fertility.
7. Explain the importance of postnatal care in reduction of maternal mortality.
8. What is difference between the terms "monitoring" and "evaluation" What is the scope of assessment at each of these levels
9. Why is measure of infant mortality called infant mortality rate and measure of maternal mortality, maternal mortality ratio
10. How do you interpret the following l5/l0in life table Tx/lx in life table
11. How standardization improves comparability of crude indicators (CBR CDR)
12. Define sustainable development.
13. What do you understand by tempo of urbanization
14. Discuss content and coverage errors in demographic data.

While the total fertility rate has declined from about 6 to 2.7 births per woman, the magnitude of this decline has not been uniform throughout the country. The magnitude of fertility decline and fertility behaviour of individuals is influenced by their own characteristics and where they live in urban or in rural areas, and in a particular State or in a district. Demographers have spent a considerable time in understanding this phenomenon. What have we learnt from this research
At the micro-level, it is believed that parents have children because they want or they need children. Couples have large families because that is what they think are in their best interest. They want large families in order to enhance their own welfare, i.e., for reasons such as old age security, to provide extra help in domestic and field work, and to support other siblings. A shift in parents' thinking from an improvement in their own welfare to an improvement in the welfare of their children and a more equitable sharing of the cost and benefits of having or not having children between men and women creates conditions conducive to fertility decline.
At the macro-level, fertility has declined and can decline under various conditions, i.e., there is no unique set of prerequisite conditions necessary for fertility to decline. While economic development would ultimately lead to fertility decline as it did in North America and Western Europe and while a good family planning programme has been shown to decrease fertility even in poor conditions as it did in Bangladesh, the best results are obtained by a good family planning programme implemented under good social settings. Conditions conducive to fertility decline include

• a family planning programme that offers information and services of good quality,
• low infant and child mortality, and
• high female literacy and education, at least up to the primary school level.

15. State utilities of children to parents.

16. Explain the necessity of family planning programme to reduce the fertility in developing countries.

17. What type of shift in thinking of parents would facilitate fertility decline

18. How fertility decline takes place at national level

19. What are the factors conducive for fertility decline