Exam Details
Subject | population studies | |
Paper | paper 3 | |
Exam / Course | ugc net national eligibility test | |
Department | ||
Organization | university grants commission | |
Position | ||
Exam Date | 02, December, 2012 | |
City, State | , |
Question Paper
PAPER-III POPULATION STUDIES Signature and Name of Invigilator
1.
(Signature) OMR Sheet No. ............................................... (To be filled by the Candidate)
(Name)
Roll No.
2.
(Signature) (In figures as per admission card)
(Name) Roll (In words)
D
Time 2 1/2 hours] [Maximum Marks 150
Number of Pages in this Booklet 20 Instructions for the Candidates
1.
Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page.
2.
This paper consists of seventy five multiple-choice type of questions.
3.
At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below
To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet.
Tally the number of pages and number of questionsin the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questionsmissing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within theperiod of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question Booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given.
After this verification is over, the OMR Sheet Number should be entered on this Test Booklet.
4.
Each item has four alternative responses marked
and You have to darken the circle as indicated below on the correct response against each item.
Example
where is the correct response.
5.
Your responses to the items are to be indicated in the OMR Sheet given inside the Booklet only. If you mark at any place other than in the circle in the OMR Sheet, it will not be evaluated.
6.
Read instructions given inside carefully.
7.
Rough Work is to be done in the end of this booklet.
8.
If you write your Name, Roll Number, Phone Number or put any mark on any part of the OMR Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, or use abusive language or employ any other unfair means, you will render yourself liable to disqualification.
9.
You have to return the test question booklet and Original OMR Sheet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. You are, however, allowed to carry duplicate copy of OMR Sheet on conclusion of examination.
10.
Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen.
11.
Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited.
12.
There is no negative marks for incorrect answers.
Number of Questions in this Booklet 75
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D-15-12 1 P.T.O.
POPULATION STUDIES
PAPER III
Note This paper contains seventy five objective type questions of two marks each. All questions are compulsory.
Read the following passage and answer the questions below to There is a true schism between Science and society. They form, so-to-say, two disparate worlds. On the one hand, there is society claiming that science is responsible for most of the evil on earth, having caused all the pollution, (like Bhopal, Seveso, and Chernobyl), a society that is nevertheless thoughtlessly using and misusing all the goodies of science and technology. On the other hand, there are many of our great scientists who still think in terms of unlimited progress on a technological level. They are convinced that progress of mankind is measured, apart from achievements in cosmic knowledge, in extension of life- span of human beings, genetically modifying human species and so on.
Is it really a meaningful goal to further improve the living standards of affluent minority and extend their individual life span Would it not be better to attempt to extend the life span of the entire mankind on earth If we do not think long term, nature will find its own ways to set limits 'Eat and be extent'. If we do not think for ahead, our descendants will have to experience the fatal limits without being properly prepared.
Who should, then, care about the far future This leads us to the question of sustainability. Sustainable development is today a well accepted conversation piece in any upper class society real tea-time conversation).
This space-age has taught us that we live on a fragile planet with an onion skin atmosphere, containing all that is dear to natural life. And that we humans are converting all of it into a waste including even the narrowest band of breathable air, at an alarming rate of pollution, destruction and overpopulation.
In the words of Jeroma Karle (1985, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry), if humans continue to increase the earth's population, destroy the environment and produce children whose lives are devoid of love, self-respect, culture and respect for the dignity of others, we can expect an increasing loss of quality of life, much suffering and violence, and a return to dark ages.'
In brief, science and technology alone cannot solve the problems of new Millennium.
Our current obsession with technology is a dead end. We need additional guidelines for our actions.
Unless the new millennium renews our faith in the unknown the miraculous mystery of man's soul, we shall not be able to protect our fragile planet the nature's gift to mankind, for long. And that would reflect the darkest face of human development through science, technology and technology alone.
1. 'Our current obsession with technology is dead.' The phrase means
Do not use technology any more
Do not produce new technology.
Additional guidelines to use technology are needed.
That technology reflects the darkest face of human development.
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¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ ÛúÖ ÃÖ²ÖÃÖê †×¬ÖÛú¯ÖϤæüÂÖÞÖ, ×¾Ö®ÖÖ¿Ö †Öî¸ü †×ŸÖ •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ Ûúß ³ÖµÖÖ꟯ÖÖ¤üÛú ¤ü¸ü ÛúÖ»ÖÖ "ÖêÆü¸üÖ ¯ÖÏÛú™ü Ûú¸üŸÖß Æîü …
ÃÖê ¯Ö׸ü¾ÖÙŸÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü …
2. 'Return to Dark Ages' reflects
Reversal of the use of science and technology
Uncontrolled increase in human population
Increase in the level of poverty among the people
Increase in the level of ignorance and illiteracy
3. Progress of mankind is not measured from
achievements in cosmic knowledge
longevity of life span
genetic modification of human species
spiritual attainment
4. To talk about Sustainable Development is
A sincere effort of the scientific research
A concern for the futuristic society
Fashion of the day
All the above
5. 'Eat and be eaten' refers to
nature
science
mankind
future generations
6. The tone of the passage is
Descriptive Critical
Analytical Prescriptive
7. Which among the following States/Union Territories in India showed highest percentage in decadal growth rate during the decade (20012011)
Bihar
Arunachal Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Dadra Nagar Haveli
8. From which year facto' enumeration was replaced by jure' in the Indian Census
1911 1941
1951 2011
9. Data collection by any method should be scrutinized by
taking sample of units and verifying them in field
examining the consistency in the data collected
examine the information collected in totality
examine the consistency in unit of measurement in survey
10. Which among the following basic equation expresses the change in population overtime in a simple form
Quadratic equation
Balancing equation
Integral equation
Functional equation
11. During which period, India's population marked negative growth rate
1901 11 1911 21
1991 2001 1921 31
12. Which among the following is not a Millennium Development Goal
Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Improve Maternal Health
Ensure socio-economic Sustainability
13. According to the sample Registration System Bulletin December 2011, the infant mortality rate in urban areas of India is
25 31
35 40
2. '†Ó¬ÖÛúÖ¸ü´ÖµÖ µÖãÝÖÖë ´Öë ¾ÖÖ¯ÖÃÖ ¯ÖÏÛú™ü Ûú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü
×¾Ö-ÖÖ®Ö †Öî¸ü ¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß Ûêú ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ ÛúÖ ¯ÖÏן־֟µÖÔ Æîü …
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë †×®ÖµÖ×®¡ÖŸÖ ¾Öéרü
»ÖÖêÝÖÖë ´Öë Ûêú ßָü ´Öë ¾Öéרü
ŸÖ£ÖÖ ×®Ö¸üõÖ¸üŸÖÖ Ûêú ßָü ´Öë ¾Öéרü
3. ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖŸÖÖ Ûúß ¯ÖÏÝÖ×ŸÖ ÛúÖ ´ÖÖ¯Ö ×ÛúÃÖÃÖê ×ÛúµÖÖ ®ÖÆüà •ÖÖŸÖÖ Æîü
²ÖÎÉÖÞ›üßµÖ ´Öë ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬ÖµÖÖÑ
•Öß¾Ö®ÖÖ¾Ö×¬Ö ´Öë ¾Öéרü
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •ÖÖ×ŸÖ ÛúÖ •Öî×¾ÖÛú ºþ¯Ö ÃÖê ÃÖÓ¿ÖÖê¬Ö®Ö
†Ö¬µÖÖן´ÖÛú ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬Ö
4. '¬ÖÖ¸üÞÖßµÖ ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûêú ²ÖÖ¸êü ²ÖÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ Æîü
¾Öî-ÖÖ×®ÖÛú ¿ÖÖê¬Ö ÛúÖ ¾ÖÖßÖ×¾ÖÛú ¯Öϵ֟®Ö Æîü …
³ÖÖ¾Öß ÃÖ´ÖÖ•Ö Ûêú ×»ÖµÖê ÃÖ¸üÖêÛúÖ¸ü Æîü …
¯ÖÏ"Ö×»ÖŸÖ ±îú¿Ö®Ö …
ˆ¯ÖµÖãÔŒŸÖ ÃÖ³Öß …
5. ÜÖÖ†Öê †Öî¸ü ÜÖÖ®Öê ¤üÖê ÃÖê ÃÖÓ¤ü³ÖÔ Æîü
¯ÖÏÛéú×ŸÖ ×¾Ö-ÖÖ®Ö
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •ÖÖ×ŸÖ ³ÖÖ¾Öß ¯ÖßלÌüµÖÖÑ
6. ¯Ö׸ü""êû¤ü Ûúß ¿Öî»Öß
×¾Ö¾Ö¸üÞÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
†Ö»ÖÖê"Ö®ÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
×¾Ö¿»ÖêÂÖÞÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
7. ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ´Öë ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ×ÛúÃÖ ¸üÖ•µÖ/ÃÖÓ'Ö ¸üÖ•µÖ õÖê¡Ö ®Öê 2001-2011 Ûêú ¤ü¿ÖÛú ´Öë ¤ü¿ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Öéרü ¤ü¸ü ÛúÖ ˆ""ÖŸÖ´Ö ¯ÖÏ×ŸÖ¿ÖŸÖ ¤ü¿ÖÖÔµÖÖ Æîü
ײÖÆüÖ¸ü
†¹ýÞÖÖ"Ö»Ö ¯ÖϤêü¿Ö
ˆ¢Ö¸ü ¯ÖϤêü¿Ö
¤üÖ¤ü¸üÖ ®ÖÝÖ¸ü Æü¾Öê»Öß
8. ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖßµÖ •Ö®ÖÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ ´Öë ¯Ö׸üÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ ÛúÖê ¯Ö׸üÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ «üÖ¸üÖ ×ÛúÃÖ ¾ÖÂÖÔ ´Öë ¯ÖÏןÖãÖÖ×¯ÖŸÖ ×ÛúµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ
1911 1941
1951 2011
9. ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ×¾Ö×¬Ö ÃÖê ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ †ÖÓÛú›Ìêü Ûúß •ÖÖÑ"Ö ÃÖÓ¾ÖßõÖÖ) ×ÛúÃÖÛêú «üÖ¸üÖ Ûúß •ÖÖ®Öß "ÖÖ×Æü‹
‡ÛúÖ‡µÖÖë ÛúÖ ¯ÖÏן֤ü¿ÖÔ »ÖêÛú¸ü †Öî¸ü õÖê¡Ö ´Öë ˆ®ÖÛúÖ ÃÖŸµÖÖ¯Ö®Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ †ÖÓÛú›Ìêü ´Öë †®Öãºþ¯ÖŸÖÖ Ûúß •ÖÖÑ"Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ ÃÖæ"Ö®ÖÖ Ûúß ÃÖ´ÖÝÖÏŸÖÖ ´Öë •ÖÖÑ"Ö
ÃÖ¾ÖìõÖÞÖ ´Öë ´ÖÖ¯Ö®Ö Ûúß ‡ÛúÖ‡Ô ´Öë ÃÖÓÝÖ×ŸÖ Ûúß
•ÖÖÑ"Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
10. •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë ÃÖ´ÖµÖÖê¯Ö׸ü ÃÖ¸ü»Ö ºþ¯Ö ´Öë ¯Ö׸ü¾ÖŸÖÔ®Ö ÛúÖê ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ÛúÖî®Ö ÃÖÖ ´Öæ»Ö ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
†×³Ö¾µÖŒŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü
׫ü'ÖÖŸÖßµÖ ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
ÃÖÓŸÖÖê»ÖÛú ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
†×¾Ö³ÖÖ•µÖ µÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖÛú»Ö ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
ÛúÖµÖÖÔŸ´ÖÛú ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
11. ×ÛúÃÖ †¾Ö×¬Ö Ûêú ¤üÖî¸üÖ®Ö, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûúß •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë ®ÖÛúÖ¸üÖŸ´ÖÛú µÖÖ ŠúÞÖÖŸÛú´Ö ¾Öéרü ¤ü¸ü ¤ü•ÖÔ Ûúß ÝÖ‡Ô
1901-11 1911-21
1991-2001 1921-31
12. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ÛúÖî®Ö ÃÖÖ »ÖõµÖ ÃÖÆüáÖÖײ¤ü ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ »ÖõµÖ ®ÖÆüà Æîü
³ÖãÜÖ´Ö¸üß ŸÖ£ÖÖ ˆ®´Öæ»Ö®Ö
ÃÖÖ¾ÖÔ³ÖÖî×´ÖÛú ¯ÖÏÖ£Ö×´ÖÛú ׿ÖõÖÖ ¯ÖÏÖ¯ŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
´ÖÖŸÖé þÖÖãµÖ ÛúÖ ÃÖã¬ÖÖ¸ü
ÃÖÖ´ÖÖוÖÛú-†ÖÙ£ÖÛú ¬ÖÖ¸üÞÖßµÖŸÖÖ ÃÖã×®Ö׿"ÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
13. ¯ÖÏן֤ü¿ÖÔ ¯ÖÓ•ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ ¯ÖÏÞÖÖ»Öß Ûêú ²Öã»Öê×™ü®Ö פüÃÖ´²Ö¸ü 2011 Ûêú †®ÖãÃÖÖ¸ü, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûêú ¿ÖÆü¸üß õÖê¡ÖÖë ´Öë ׿ֿÖã ´Ö韵Öã ¤ü¸ü Æîü
25 31
35 40
14. Arrange the States of India in ascending order with respect to percentage decadal growth rate of population during the Census period (2001-2011)
Jammu Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland
Sikkim, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Jammu Kashmir
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Mizoram, Jammu Kashmir
Jammu Kashmir, Mizoram, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
15. Match List I with List II List I List II
a. Donald J. i. Population of
Bogue India and Pakistan
b. Kingsley ii. Economic
Davis Backwardness and Economic Growth
c. Richard iii. Introduction to
Easterlin the mathematics of Population
d. Nathan iv. Principles of Keyfitz Demography
Codes
a b c d
i ii iii iv
ii iii iv i
iv i ii iii
iii iv ii i
16. Who, among the following, coined the word "Intermediate variables affecting fertility"
Hajnal
Bongaarts
Kingley Davis Judith Blake
Caldwel
17. The average annual exponential growth rate of the population of India during the period 2001-2011 was
0.64 1.64
2.64 4.64
18. According to the Census of India 2011, which among the following has shown lowest density of population
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Mizoram
Andaman Nicobar Island
19. Information on which of the following topics is not provided by Indian Census
Demographic characteristics
Economic characteristics
Health Status of the Population
Household characteristics
20. What is the term used for dumping hazardous waste material at places populated by poor and minority
Environmental degradation
Environmental racism
Anthropocentrism
The greenhouse effect
21. Which of the following countries is the highest supplier
1.
(Signature) OMR Sheet No. ............................................... (To be filled by the Candidate)
(Name)
Roll No.
2.
(Signature) (In figures as per admission card)
(Name) Roll (In words)
D
Time 2 1/2 hours] [Maximum Marks 150
Number of Pages in this Booklet 20 Instructions for the Candidates
1.
Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page.
2.
This paper consists of seventy five multiple-choice type of questions.
3.
At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below
To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet.
Tally the number of pages and number of questionsin the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questionsmissing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within theperiod of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question Booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given.
After this verification is over, the OMR Sheet Number should be entered on this Test Booklet.
4.
Each item has four alternative responses marked
and You have to darken the circle as indicated below on the correct response against each item.
Example
where is the correct response.
5.
Your responses to the items are to be indicated in the OMR Sheet given inside the Booklet only. If you mark at any place other than in the circle in the OMR Sheet, it will not be evaluated.
6.
Read instructions given inside carefully.
7.
Rough Work is to be done in the end of this booklet.
8.
If you write your Name, Roll Number, Phone Number or put any mark on any part of the OMR Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, or use abusive language or employ any other unfair means, you will render yourself liable to disqualification.
9.
You have to return the test question booklet and Original OMR Sheet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. You are, however, allowed to carry duplicate copy of OMR Sheet on conclusion of examination.
10.
Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen.
11.
Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited.
12.
There is no negative marks for incorrect answers.
Number of Questions in this Booklet 75
¯Ö¸üßõÖÖÙ£ÖµÖÖë Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ×®Ö¤ìü¿Ö
1.
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2.
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3.
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‡ÃÖÛêú ×»Ö‹ †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê ¯ÖÖÑ"Ö ×´Ö®Ö™ü פüµÖê •ÖÖµÖëÝÖê … ˆÃÖÛêú ²ÖÖ¤ü ŸÖÖê †Ö¯ÖÛúß ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ ¾ÖÖ¯ÖÃÖ »Öß •ÖÖµÖêÝÖß †Öî¸ü Æüß †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê
†×ŸÖ׸üŒŸÖ ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ×¤üµÖÖ •ÖÖµÖêÝÖÖ …
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4.
¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛú ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Ûêú ×»Ö‹ "ÖÖ¸ü ˆ¢Ö¸ü ×¾ÖÛú»¯Ö ŸÖ£ÖÖ ×¤üµÖê ÝÖµÖê Æïü … †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê ÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü Ûêú ¾Öé¢Ö ÛúÖê ¯Öê®Ö ÃÖê ³Ö¸üÛú¸ü ÛúÖ»ÖÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ Æîü
•ÖîÃÖÖ ×Ûú ®Öß"Öê פüÜÖÖµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ Æîü …
ˆ¤üÖÆü¸üÞÖ
•Ö²Ö×Ûúú(C) ÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü Æîü …
5.
¯ÖÏ¿®ÖÖë Ûêú ˆ¢Ö¸ü Ûêú¾Ö»Ö ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö ¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ Ûêú †®¤ü¸ü פüµÖê ÝÖµÖê OMR ¯Ö¡ÖÛú ¯Ö¸ü Æüß †Ó×ÛúŸÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê Æïü … µÖפü †Ö¯Ö OMR ¯Ö¡ÖÛú ¯Ö¸ü פüµÖê ÝÖµÖê ¾Öé¢Ö Ûêú †»ÖÖ¾ÖÖ ×ÛúÃÖß †®µÖ ãÖÖ®Ö ¯Ö¸ü ˆ¢Ö¸ü ×"ÖÅ®ÖÖÓ×ÛúŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê ŸÖÖê ˆÃÖÛúÖ ´Ö滵ÖÖÓÛú®Ö ®ÖÆüà ÆüÖêÝÖÖ …
6.
†®¤ü¸ü פüµÖê ÝÖµÖê ×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖë ÛúÖê ¬µÖÖ®Ö¯Öæ¾ÖÔÛú ¯ÖœÌëü …
7.
Ûú""ÖÖ ÛúÖ´Ö (Rough Work) ‡ÃÖ ¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ Ûêú †×®ŸÖ´Ö ¯Öéšü ¯Ö¸ü Ûú¸ëü …
8.
µÖפü †Ö¯Ö OMR ¯Ö¡ÖÛú ¯Ö¸ü ×®ÖµÖŸÖ Ã£ÖÖ®Ö Ûêú †»ÖÖ¾ÖÖ †¯Ö®ÖÖ ¸üÖê»Ö ±úÖê®Ö ®Ö´²Ö¸ü µÖÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô ³Öß ‹êÃÖÖ ×"ÖÅ®Ö ×•ÖÃÖÃÖê †Ö¯ÖÛúß ¯ÖÆü"ÖÖ®Ö ÆüÖê ÃÖÛêú, †Ó×ÛúŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê Æïü †£Ö¾ÖÖ †³Ö¦ü ³ÖÖÂÖÖ ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê µÖÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô
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9.
†Ö¯ÖÛúÖê ¯Ö¸üßõÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯ŸÖ ÆüÖê®Öê ¯Ö¸ü ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö-¯Öã×ßÖÛúÖ ‹¾ÖÓ ´Öæ»Ö OMR ¯Ö¡ÖÛú×®Ö¸üßõÖÛú ´ÖÆüÖê¤üµÖ ÛúÖê »ÖÖî™üÖ®ÖÖ †Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛú Æîü †Öî¸ü ¯Ö¸üßõÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖׯŸÖ Ûêú ²ÖÖ¤ü ˆÃÖê †¯Ö®Öê ÃÖÖ£Ö ¯Ö¸üßõÖÖ ³Ö¾Ö®Ö ÃÖê ²ÖÖÆü¸ü »ÖêÛú¸ü •ÖÖµÖë … ÆüÖ»ÖÖÓ×Ûú †Ö¯Ö ¯Ö¸üßõÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖׯŸÖ ¯Ö¸ü OMR ¯Ö¡ÖÛú Ûúß ›ãü¯»ÖßÛêú™ü ¯ÖÏ×ŸÖ †¯Ö®Öê ÃÖÖ£Ö »Öê •ÖÖÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü …
10.
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11.
×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ¯ÖÏÛúÖ¸ü ÛúÖ ÃÖÓÝÖÞÖÛú (Ûîú»ÖÛãú»Öê™ü¸ü) µÖÖ »ÖÖÝÖ ™êü²Ö»Ö †Öפü ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ ¾ÖÙ•ÖŸÖ Æîü …
12.
ÝÖ»ÖŸÖ ˆ¢Ö¸üÖë Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ÛúÖê‡Ô †ÓÛú ÛúÖ™êü ®ÖÆüà •ÖÖ‹ÑÝÖê …
D-15-12 1 P.T.O.
POPULATION STUDIES
PAPER III
Note This paper contains seventy five objective type questions of two marks each. All questions are compulsory.
Read the following passage and answer the questions below to There is a true schism between Science and society. They form, so-to-say, two disparate worlds. On the one hand, there is society claiming that science is responsible for most of the evil on earth, having caused all the pollution, (like Bhopal, Seveso, and Chernobyl), a society that is nevertheless thoughtlessly using and misusing all the goodies of science and technology. On the other hand, there are many of our great scientists who still think in terms of unlimited progress on a technological level. They are convinced that progress of mankind is measured, apart from achievements in cosmic knowledge, in extension of life- span of human beings, genetically modifying human species and so on.
Is it really a meaningful goal to further improve the living standards of affluent minority and extend their individual life span Would it not be better to attempt to extend the life span of the entire mankind on earth If we do not think long term, nature will find its own ways to set limits 'Eat and be extent'. If we do not think for ahead, our descendants will have to experience the fatal limits without being properly prepared.
Who should, then, care about the far future This leads us to the question of sustainability. Sustainable development is today a well accepted conversation piece in any upper class society real tea-time conversation).
This space-age has taught us that we live on a fragile planet with an onion skin atmosphere, containing all that is dear to natural life. And that we humans are converting all of it into a waste including even the narrowest band of breathable air, at an alarming rate of pollution, destruction and overpopulation.
In the words of Jeroma Karle (1985, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry), if humans continue to increase the earth's population, destroy the environment and produce children whose lives are devoid of love, self-respect, culture and respect for the dignity of others, we can expect an increasing loss of quality of life, much suffering and violence, and a return to dark ages.'
In brief, science and technology alone cannot solve the problems of new Millennium.
Our current obsession with technology is a dead end. We need additional guidelines for our actions.
Unless the new millennium renews our faith in the unknown the miraculous mystery of man's soul, we shall not be able to protect our fragile planet the nature's gift to mankind, for long. And that would reflect the darkest face of human development through science, technology and technology alone.
1. 'Our current obsession with technology is dead.' The phrase means
Do not use technology any more
Do not produce new technology.
Additional guidelines to use technology are needed.
That technology reflects the darkest face of human development.
•Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ †¬µÖµÖ®Ö
¯ÖÏ¿®Ö¯Ö¡Ö III
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×®Ö´®Ö ¯Ö׸ü""êû¤ü ÛúÖê ¯ÖלÌüµÖê †Öî¸ü ®Öß"Öê פüµÖê ¯ÖÏ¿®ÖÖë ÃÖê
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†Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü …
•Öß¾Ö®ÖµÖÖ¯Ö®Ö Ûêú ßָü ÛúÖê †Öî¸ü †×¬ÖÛú Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ †Öî¸ü •Ö²Ö ŸÖÛú ®Ö¾Ö ÃÖÆüáÖÖײ¤ü †-ÖÖŸÖ-´Ö®Öã嵅 Ûúß †ÖŸ´ÖÖˆ®ÖÛêú ¾ÖîµÖ׌ŸÖÛú •Öß¾Ö®Ö-ÛúÖ»Ö ÛúÖê ×¾ÖßÖéŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ †£ÖÔ¯ÖæÞÖÔ Ûêú "Ö´ÖŸÛúÖ׸üÛú ¸üÆüõÖ-´Öë Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ×¾Ö¿¾ÖÖÃÖ ÛúÖê ¯Öã®Ö¹ý••Öß×¾ÖŸÖ
»ÖõµÖ Æîü ŒµÖÖ ¯Ö飾Öß ¯Ö¸ü ÃÖ´¯ÖæÞÖÔ ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖŸÖÖ Ûúß •Öß¾Ö®ÖÖ¾Ö×¬Ö ÛúÖê ×¾ÖßÖéŸÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê ÛúÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖÃÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ ²ÖêÆüŸÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà ÆüÖêÝÖÖ µÖפü
®ÖÆüà Ûú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü, Æü´Ö †¯Ö®Öê ³ÖÓÝÖã¸ü ÝÖÏÆü •ÖÖê ×Ûú †×®Ö׿"ÖŸÖ Æü´Ö ¤üß'ÖÔÛúÖ×»ÖÛú ÃÖÖê"Ö ×¾Ö"ÖÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸üŸÖê Æïü ŸÖÖê ¯ÖÏÛéúןÖ,
ÛúÖ»Öü ÃÖê ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖŸÖÖ ÛúÖê ¯ÖÏÛéú×ŸÖ Ûúß ¤êü®Ö Æîü, ˆÃÖ Ûúß ÃÖã¸üõÖÖ ÃÖß´ÖÖ‹Ñ ×®Ö¬ÖÖÔ׸üŸÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûêú þֵÖÓ ´ÖÖÝÖÔ ÜÖÖê•Ö »ÖêÝÖß 'ÜÖÖ†Öê
®ÖÆüà Ûú¸ü ¯ÖÖ‹ÑÝÖê †Öî¸ü µÖÆü ÃÖ²Ö, ¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß †Öî¸ü†Öî¸ü ¤æüÃÖ¸êü ÛúÖ ³ÖÖê•µÖ ¯Ö¤üÖ£ÖÔ •ÖÖ†Öê' … µÖפü Æü´Ö ÃÖã¤æü¸ü †Ûêú»Öê ¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß Ûêú «üÖ¸üÖ ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ ÛúÖ ²Ö®ÖÖµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ³Ö×¾Ö嵅 Ûúß ®ÖÆüß ÃÖÖê"ÖŸÖê Æïü ŸÖÖê Æü´ÖÖ¸üß †Ö®Öê ¾ÖÖ»Öß ¯ÖßלÌüµÖÖÑ ÛúÖ»ÖÖ "ÖêÆü¸üÖ ¯ÖÏÛú™ü Ûú¸êüÝÖÖ …
(¾ÖÓ¿Ö•Ö) ˆ×"ÖŸÖ ºþ¯Ö ÃÖê ŸÖîµÖÖ¸ü Æãü‹ ײ֮ÖÖ 'ÖÖŸÖÛú ÃÖß´ÖÖ†Öë ÛúÖ
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1. '¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß Ûêú ÃÖÖ£Ö Æü´ÖÖ¸üß ¾ÖŸÖÔ´ÖÖ®Ö ÝÖÏß֟ÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯ŸÖ "ÖÖ×ÆüµÖê µÖÆü ²ÖÖŸÖ Æü´Öë Ûêú ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö ¯Ö¸ü »Öê †ÖŸÖß
‡ÃÖ ˆ¯Ö¾ÖÖŒµÖ ÛúÖ †£ÖÔ Æîü :Æîü … ¬ÖÖ¸üÞÖßµÖ ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ †Ö•Ö ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ˆ""Ö ¾ÖÝÖáµÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ•Ö
¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß ÛúÖ †²Ö ײֻÛãú»Ö ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ ®ÖÆüà´Öë ¾ÖÖŸÖÖÔ»ÖÖ¯Ö ¯Ö¸ü †ÃÖ»Öß ¾ÖÖŸÖÖÔ»ÖÖ¯Ö) ÛúÖ ÃÖãþÖßÛéúŸÖ Ûú¸ëü …
×ÆüÃÃÖÖ Æîü …
‡ÃÖ †ÓŸÖ׸üõÖ µÖãÝÖ ®Öê Æü´Öë ×ÃÖÜÖÖµÖÖ Æîü ×Ûú Æü´Ö ³ÖÓÝÖã¸ü
®Ö¾Ö ¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß ÛúÖ ˆŸ¯ÖÖ¤ü®Ö ®ÖÆüà ÆüÖê …
ÝÖÏÆü ¯Ö¸ü ¸üÆüŸÖê Æïü וÖÃÖÛúÖ ¯µÖÖ•Ö Ûêú ×"û»ÖÛêú Ûêú ÃÖ´ÖÖ®Ö ¾ÖÖµÖã´ÖÓ›ü»Ö Æîü †Öî¸ü וÖÃÖ´Öë ¾ÖÖê ÃÖ²Ö Ûãú"û Æîü •ÖÖê ×Ûú ¯ÖÏÖÛéúןÖÛú
¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß ÛúÖê ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûêú ®Ö‹
•Öß¾Ö®Ö ÛúÖê ׯÖ쵅 Æîü … †Öî¸ü ×Ûú Æü´Ö ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö, ‡ÃÖê ŸÖ£ÖÖ ÃÖÖÓÃÖ
פü¿ÖÖ×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖë Ûúß †Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü …»Öê®Öê µÖÖêÝµÖ ¾ÖÖµÖã Ûúß ÃÖÓÛúßÞÖÔŸÖ´Ö ¯Ö¼üß ÛúÖê, †¯Ö׿Ö™ü ´Öë
¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß ´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ ÛúÖ ÃÖ²ÖÃÖê †×¬ÖÛú¯ÖϤæüÂÖÞÖ, ×¾Ö®ÖÖ¿Ö †Öî¸ü †×ŸÖ •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ Ûúß ³ÖµÖÖ꟯ÖÖ¤üÛú ¤ü¸ü ÛúÖ»ÖÖ "ÖêÆü¸üÖ ¯ÖÏÛú™ü Ûú¸üŸÖß Æîü …
ÃÖê ¯Ö׸ü¾ÖÙŸÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü …
2. 'Return to Dark Ages' reflects
Reversal of the use of science and technology
Uncontrolled increase in human population
Increase in the level of poverty among the people
Increase in the level of ignorance and illiteracy
3. Progress of mankind is not measured from
achievements in cosmic knowledge
longevity of life span
genetic modification of human species
spiritual attainment
4. To talk about Sustainable Development is
A sincere effort of the scientific research
A concern for the futuristic society
Fashion of the day
All the above
5. 'Eat and be eaten' refers to
nature
science
mankind
future generations
6. The tone of the passage is
Descriptive Critical
Analytical Prescriptive
7. Which among the following States/Union Territories in India showed highest percentage in decadal growth rate during the decade (20012011)
Bihar
Arunachal Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Dadra Nagar Haveli
8. From which year facto' enumeration was replaced by jure' in the Indian Census
1911 1941
1951 2011
9. Data collection by any method should be scrutinized by
taking sample of units and verifying them in field
examining the consistency in the data collected
examine the information collected in totality
examine the consistency in unit of measurement in survey
10. Which among the following basic equation expresses the change in population overtime in a simple form
Quadratic equation
Balancing equation
Integral equation
Functional equation
11. During which period, India's population marked negative growth rate
1901 11 1911 21
1991 2001 1921 31
12. Which among the following is not a Millennium Development Goal
Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Improve Maternal Health
Ensure socio-economic Sustainability
13. According to the sample Registration System Bulletin December 2011, the infant mortality rate in urban areas of India is
25 31
35 40
2. '†Ó¬ÖÛúÖ¸ü´ÖµÖ µÖãÝÖÖë ´Öë ¾ÖÖ¯ÖÃÖ ¯ÖÏÛú™ü Ûú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü
×¾Ö-ÖÖ®Ö †Öî¸ü ¯ÖÏÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛúß Ûêú ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ ÛúÖ ¯ÖÏן־֟µÖÔ Æîü …
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë †×®ÖµÖ×®¡ÖŸÖ ¾Öéרü
»ÖÖêÝÖÖë ´Öë Ûêú ßָü ´Öë ¾Öéרü
ŸÖ£ÖÖ ×®Ö¸üõÖ¸üŸÖÖ Ûêú ßָü ´Öë ¾Öéרü
3. ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖŸÖÖ Ûúß ¯ÖÏÝÖ×ŸÖ ÛúÖ ´ÖÖ¯Ö ×ÛúÃÖÃÖê ×ÛúµÖÖ ®ÖÆüà •ÖÖŸÖÖ Æîü
²ÖÎÉÖÞ›üßµÖ ´Öë ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬ÖµÖÖÑ
•Öß¾Ö®ÖÖ¾Ö×¬Ö ´Öë ¾Öéרü
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •ÖÖ×ŸÖ ÛúÖ •Öî×¾ÖÛú ºþ¯Ö ÃÖê ÃÖÓ¿ÖÖê¬Ö®Ö
†Ö¬µÖÖן´ÖÛú ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬Ö
4. '¬ÖÖ¸üÞÖßµÖ ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûêú ²ÖÖ¸êü ²ÖÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ Æîü
¾Öî-ÖÖ×®ÖÛú ¿ÖÖê¬Ö ÛúÖ ¾ÖÖßÖ×¾ÖÛú ¯Öϵ֟®Ö Æîü …
³ÖÖ¾Öß ÃÖ´ÖÖ•Ö Ûêú ×»ÖµÖê ÃÖ¸üÖêÛúÖ¸ü Æîü …
¯ÖÏ"Ö×»ÖŸÖ ±îú¿Ö®Ö …
ˆ¯ÖµÖãÔŒŸÖ ÃÖ³Öß …
5. ÜÖÖ†Öê †Öî¸ü ÜÖÖ®Öê ¤üÖê ÃÖê ÃÖÓ¤ü³ÖÔ Æîü
¯ÖÏÛéú×ŸÖ ×¾Ö-ÖÖ®Ö
´ÖÖ®Ö¾Ö •ÖÖ×ŸÖ ³ÖÖ¾Öß ¯ÖßלÌüµÖÖÑ
6. ¯Ö׸ü""êû¤ü Ûúß ¿Öî»Öß
×¾Ö¾Ö¸üÞÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
†Ö»ÖÖê"Ö®ÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
×¾Ö¿»ÖêÂÖÞÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
×®Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖŸ´ÖÛú Æîü …
7. ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ´Öë ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ×ÛúÃÖ ¸üÖ•µÖ/ÃÖÓ'Ö ¸üÖ•µÖ õÖê¡Ö ®Öê 2001-2011 Ûêú ¤ü¿ÖÛú ´Öë ¤ü¿ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Öéרü ¤ü¸ü ÛúÖ ˆ""ÖŸÖ´Ö ¯ÖÏ×ŸÖ¿ÖŸÖ ¤ü¿ÖÖÔµÖÖ Æîü
ײÖÆüÖ¸ü
†¹ýÞÖÖ"Ö»Ö ¯ÖϤêü¿Ö
ˆ¢Ö¸ü ¯ÖϤêü¿Ö
¤üÖ¤ü¸üÖ ®ÖÝÖ¸ü Æü¾Öê»Öß
8. ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖßµÖ •Ö®ÖÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ ´Öë ¯Ö׸üÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ ÛúÖê ¯Ö׸üÝÖÞÖ®ÖÖ «üÖ¸üÖ ×ÛúÃÖ ¾ÖÂÖÔ ´Öë ¯ÖÏןÖãÖÖ×¯ÖŸÖ ×ÛúµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ
1911 1941
1951 2011
9. ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ×¾Ö×¬Ö ÃÖê ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ †ÖÓÛú›Ìêü Ûúß •ÖÖÑ"Ö ÃÖÓ¾ÖßõÖÖ) ×ÛúÃÖÛêú «üÖ¸üÖ Ûúß •ÖÖ®Öß "ÖÖ×Æü‹
‡ÛúÖ‡µÖÖë ÛúÖ ¯ÖÏן֤ü¿ÖÔ »ÖêÛú¸ü †Öî¸ü õÖê¡Ö ´Öë ˆ®ÖÛúÖ ÃÖŸµÖÖ¯Ö®Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ †ÖÓÛú›Ìêü ´Öë †®Öãºþ¯ÖŸÖÖ Ûúß •ÖÖÑ"Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
ÃÖÓÛú×»ÖŸÖ ÃÖæ"Ö®ÖÖ Ûúß ÃÖ´ÖÝÖÏŸÖÖ ´Öë •ÖÖÑ"Ö
ÃÖ¾ÖìõÖÞÖ ´Öë ´ÖÖ¯Ö®Ö Ûúß ‡ÛúÖ‡Ô ´Öë ÃÖÓÝÖ×ŸÖ Ûúß
•ÖÖÑ"Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
10. •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë ÃÖ´ÖµÖÖê¯Ö׸ü ÃÖ¸ü»Ö ºþ¯Ö ´Öë ¯Ö׸ü¾ÖŸÖÔ®Ö ÛúÖê ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ÛúÖî®Ö ÃÖÖ ´Öæ»Ö ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
†×³Ö¾µÖŒŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü
׫ü'ÖÖŸÖßµÖ ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
ÃÖÓŸÖÖê»ÖÛú ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
†×¾Ö³ÖÖ•µÖ µÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖÛú»Ö ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
ÛúÖµÖÖÔŸ´ÖÛú ÃÖ´ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ
11. ×ÛúÃÖ †¾Ö×¬Ö Ûêú ¤üÖî¸üÖ®Ö, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûúß •Ö®ÖÃÖÓܵÖÖ ´Öë ®ÖÛúÖ¸üÖŸ´ÖÛú µÖÖ ŠúÞÖÖŸÛú´Ö ¾Öéרü ¤ü¸ü ¤ü•ÖÔ Ûúß ÝÖ‡Ô
1901-11 1911-21
1991-2001 1921-31
12. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ÛúÖî®Ö ÃÖÖ »ÖõµÖ ÃÖÆüáÖÖײ¤ü ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ »ÖõµÖ ®ÖÆüà Æîü
³ÖãÜÖ´Ö¸üß ŸÖ£ÖÖ ˆ®´Öæ»Ö®Ö
ÃÖÖ¾ÖÔ³ÖÖî×´ÖÛú ¯ÖÏÖ£Ö×´ÖÛú ׿ÖõÖÖ ¯ÖÏÖ¯ŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
´ÖÖŸÖé þÖÖãµÖ ÛúÖ ÃÖã¬ÖÖ¸ü
ÃÖÖ´ÖÖוÖÛú-†ÖÙ£ÖÛú ¬ÖÖ¸üÞÖßµÖŸÖÖ ÃÖã×®Ö׿"ÖŸÖ Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ
13. ¯ÖÏן֤ü¿ÖÔ ¯ÖÓ•ÖßÛú¸üÞÖ ¯ÖÏÞÖÖ»Öß Ûêú ²Öã»Öê×™ü®Ö פüÃÖ´²Ö¸ü 2011 Ûêú †®ÖãÃÖÖ¸ü, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûêú ¿ÖÆü¸üß õÖê¡ÖÖë ´Öë ׿ֿÖã ´Ö韵Öã ¤ü¸ü Æîü
25 31
35 40
14. Arrange the States of India in ascending order with respect to percentage decadal growth rate of population during the Census period (2001-2011)
Jammu Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland
Sikkim, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Jammu Kashmir
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Mizoram, Jammu Kashmir
Jammu Kashmir, Mizoram, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya
15. Match List I with List II List I List II
a. Donald J. i. Population of
Bogue India and Pakistan
b. Kingsley ii. Economic
Davis Backwardness and Economic Growth
c. Richard iii. Introduction to
Easterlin the mathematics of Population
d. Nathan iv. Principles of Keyfitz Demography
Codes
a b c d
i ii iii iv
ii iii iv i
iv i ii iii
iii iv ii i
16. Who, among the following, coined the word "Intermediate variables affecting fertility"
Hajnal
Bongaarts
Kingley Davis Judith Blake
Caldwel
17. The average annual exponential growth rate of the population of India during the period 2001-2011 was
0.64 1.64
2.64 4.64
18. According to the Census of India 2011, which among the following has shown lowest density of population
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Mizoram
Andaman Nicobar Island
19. Information on which of the following topics is not provided by Indian Census
Demographic characteristics
Economic characteristics
Health Status of the Population
Household characteristics
20. What is the term used for dumping hazardous waste material at places populated by poor and minority
Environmental degradation
Environmental racism
Anthropocentrism
The greenhouse effect
21. Which of the following countries is the highest supplier
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