1. Accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae or animals on wetted surfaces is known as

Biosphere

Fragmentation

Bioventing

Biofouling

2. Imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems is known as

Bioscrubbers

Biosensors

Biomimetics

Biofilms

3. Biomedicine products whose active drug substance are made by a living organism or derived from a living organism by means of recombinant DNA or controlled gene expression methods are known as

Biomimetics

Biosensors

Biofoulers

Biosimilars

4. Compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid are known as

Siderophores

Bioplastics

Biosurfactants

Biofilters

5. Pollution control technique using living material to capture and biologically degrade pollutants is known as

Biofiltration

Bioenhancement

Biobricking

Biosubstitution

6. Simultaneous degradation of two compounds, in which the degradation of the second compound (the secondary substrate) depends on the presence of the first compound (the primary substrate) is known as

Protocooperation

Synergism

Cometabolism

Mutualism

7. Chemical substance or microorganism which can deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means is known as

Biostimulant

Biocide

Biodiesel

Biopolymer

8. In which route the photosynthesis occurs during anaerobic conditions in cyanobacteria

Only PS I-cyclic photophosphorylation

Only non-cyclic electron transport

Only cyclic photophosphorylation

Only Cyb6f-cyclic photophosphorylation

9. To reduce five molecules of carbon dioxide to glucose through photosynthesis, how many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required?

6 NADPH and 6 ATP

1NADPH and 1ATP

1NADPH and 1ATP

6 NADPH and 1ATP

10. Identify the precursor ofNiacin (Vitamin) from the following list ofamino acids.

Threonine

Tyrosine

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

11. How many isomers can Glucose have if it has 4 asymmetric carbon atoms?

4

8

1

1

12. In lactose, the glycosidic linkage is

beta-1-4 linkage

beta-1-2 linkage

alpha-1-4 linkage

alpha-1-2 linkage

13. In protein secondary structure, the alpha-helix has

3.4 amino acid residue/turn

3.6 amino acid residue/turn

3.0 amino acid residue/turn

3.8 amino acid residue/turn

14. The enzymes are biological catalysts; in order to speed up the enzyme reaction which statement could obey from the given answers

Lowering the energy of activation

Control the pH

Prevent the denaturation of substrate

Optimum temperature

15. When KM, the velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is about

0.1 Vmax

0.25 Vmax

0.5 Vmax

0.75 Vmax

16. Identify the equation of Lineweaver-Burk Inversion

(Km/Vmax) 1/S+1/Vmax

(Vmax/Km) l/S+1/Vmax

(Km/Vmax)

(l/KmNmax) l/S+l/Vmax

17. When glucose is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycolysis, the equivalent of ATPs are derived. When glucose is completely oxidized to C02 by glycolysis, Pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the TCA cycle, the equivalent of__ATPs are derived.

20

2;36

32

1

18. Which of the following statements best describes the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

One Acetyl CoA is produced in each tum of the beta-oxidation spiral

beta-oxidation of fatty acids is an extra mitochondrial process

The enzymes present in the form ofmultienzyme complex

129 ATPs are required for the formation of one mol of palmitic acid

19. Fats and oils containing ester groups can be hydrolyzed with

Aqueous acid, aqueous base or enzymes

Only Enzymes

Only Polar and nonpolar bases

Only acid groups

20. The energy of electron transfer from NADH and FADH2 is efficiently conserved in what form?

Triacylglycerols

Glycogen

Carbon dioxide

A proton gradient

21. Which molecule is the initial step for condensation with phosphoenolpyruvate during synthesis of aromatic amino acids?

Erythrose 6-phosphate

Erythrose 4-phosphate

Shikimate 3-phosphate

Shikimate 6-phosphate

22. The theory of scattering shows that the phenomenon results in the type of quantized vibrational changes that are associated with infrared absorption observed in

Circular dichroism spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy

Nuclear Inagnetic resonance

23. The shift of absorption to a longer wavelength is called

Stoke's shift

Hypsochromic shift

Bathochromic shift

Hypercholmic shift

24. High-energy electromagnetic radiation released by a radioactive nucleus is called

Alpha particle

Beta particle

Electrical charge

Gamma rays

25. In isoelectric focusing, separation ofproteins is based on

pH

Relative content of charged groups

Based on the tllolecular weight

Based on reducing agent

26. In mass spectrometry, molecules are identified based on their

Mass to charge ratio

Charge to mass ratio

Only charge

Only mass

27. Which ofthe following is indispensible for fermentation?

Carbon dioxide

Formaldehyde

Zymase

Acetic acid

28. Zygotic embryo culture following interspecific hybridization has resulted in haploid induction in

Hordeum vulgare

Nicotiana tabacum

Mirabilis jalapa

Pisum sativum

29. Nitrogen content is kept constant in the biosphere because of

N2 fixation

Nitrogen cycle

N2evolution

Industrial release

30. BLASTX is

Search translated nucleotide database using a protein query

Search protein database using a translated nucleotide query

Search a nucleotide database using a nucleotide query

Search nucleotide database using a translated nucleotide query

31. Axial filament is found in

Treponema

Bacillus

Rhizobium

Pseudomonas

32. Find out the mismatch of electron acceptor and its reduced product

NO3- NO2-

SO42- H2S

SeO42- Se

CO2 CH4

33. Oneofthefollowing isamember oftheclass Alphaproteobacteria

Bacillus

Spirochaeta

Rickettsia

Leucothrix

34. Which one among the following is a diaminoacid present in peptidoglycan?

L-Alanine

N-Acetylglucoseamine

D-Glutamic acid

L-Lysine

35. An association coefficient, a function that measures the agreement between characters possessed by two organisms, ignoring characters that both organisms lack is

Jaccard coefficient (S1

Simple matching coefficient

SJ and SSM

Non-matching coefficient

36. Ammonia oxidation to nitrate depends on the following two bacteria

Nitrosomonas-Nitrosospira

Azospirillum-Pseudomonas

Nitrobacter-Nitrococcus

Nitrosospira-Nitrococcus

37. Identify the mismatch

Selective medium -Bismuth sulfite agar

Differential medium -MacConkey agar

Enrichment medium -Lysine iron agar

Characteristic medium -Sulfide, indole, motility medium

38. Archaeallipids differ from bacterial lipids in having

Isopranyl glycerol ethers rather than glycerol fatty acid esters

Glycerol fatty acid esters rather than isopranyl glycerol ethers

Glycerol esters rather than fatty acid ethers

Phosphoglycerol fatty acid rather thanphosphoglycerol esters

39. Which ofthe following genes is a marker for shoot apical meristem?

Clavata3

Leafy

Apetala2

Auxl

40. Graminaceous plants acquire iron with the help of

Phytoalexins

Phytosiderophores

Metallothionin

Thioredoxin

41. Amongst the different photoreceptors present in plants, two cofactors for absorption of light

Cryptochrome

Phytochrome

Phototropin

UV-B photoreceptor

42. Which ofthe following proteins is the odd one based on its function?

PINI

AUXI

ABPI

DELLA

43. When a bacterium such as E. coli is shifted from a warm growth temperature to a cooler growth temperature, it compensates by

Putting longer-chain fatty acids into its membranes

Putting more unsaturated fatty acids into its membranes

Increasing its metabolic rate to generate more heat

Synthesizing thicker membranes to insulate the cell

44. GFP is a fluorescent protein isolated from jellyfish, Aequoria victoria. It transduces the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer. The gene for GFP has become a useful tool for making chimeric proteins of GFP linked to other proteins where it functions as a fluorescent protein tag. The flurophore of GFP is comprised of

Ser 65 Tyr 66 and Gly 67

Ser 57 Tyr 58 and Gly 59

Tyr 65 Ser 66 and Gly 67

Gly 65 Tyr 66 and Ser 67

45. Rapid Anlplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is a technique used in molecular biology to obtain the full length sequence of an RNA transcript found within a cell. RACE results in the production of a cDN"A copy of the RNA sequence of interest:, produced through reverse transcription followed by PCR amplification ofthe cDNA copies. end can be confilmed by perfonning by RACE. Can you identify the end enzyme used for this purpose?

Poly A Polymerase

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Terminal nucleotidyl transferase

46. Kunkel's method of site-directed nlutagenesis is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products. Also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, it is used for investigating the structure and biological activity of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules, and for protein engineering. The must commonly used two enzylnes in this process is:

Vent polynlerase and KpnI

Vent polynlerase and Dpn I

Vent polynlerase and Xma I

Vent polymerase and Sma I

47. Bacterial expression vectors all have the sequences related to Thrombin, Entero kinase and Factor XA at the junctions of fusion tags and will be used to remove fusion tag from the expressed proteins. Throlnbin cleaves the peptide bond between

Glutamic acid and Aspartate

Arginine and Glycine

Aspartic acid and Tyrosine

Lysine and Glutamic acid

48. Recently, there were news articles about the pandemic of Ebolavirus in the West African nations. This virus belongs to

Positive sense RNA virus

Reverse transcribing virus

Negative sense RNA virus

Single stranded DNA virus.

49. A class of bacterial expression vectors are designed to express the desired proteins as GST fusions on the principle that the GST rapidly folds into a stable and highly soluble protein upon tra,nslation, however, these proteins are purified by passing through this colun1ns

Glutathione columns

GLAG tags

Histidine tags

Talon colulnns

50. Rabbit reticulocyte lysate system is used to perform the function given below

To generate run offtranscripts

To generate in vivo transcripts

To translate mRNA

The study silencing ofthe transcripts

51. If you would like to remove step wise mononucleotides from the hydroxyl end of duplex DNA, which enzyme you need to use to perform the same

Endo nuclease III

Exo nuclease III

Klenow large fragment

DNA polymerase III

52. Which of the following molecules binds strongly to avidin?

Biotin

Folic acid

Niacin

Lipoic acid

53. Plastids

Present in all plant cells

Present only in leaf cells

Present in aerial parts only

Absent in all fresh water algal cells

54. The first plant to have its genome sequenced belongs to

Compositae

Solanaceae

Brassicaceae

Fabaceae

55. The precursor for fatty acid biosynthesis is

Histidine

Phenylalanine

Malonyl CoA

Acetyl CoA

56. To fix 1 mole of CO2

C4plants require more ATP than C3plants

C3plants require more ATP than C4 plants

C3 and C4 plants require the same amount ofATP

C3plants require more ATP and more NADPH than C4 plants

57. Tryptophan is the precursor for the biosYnthesis of

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Absciscic acid

58. Which ofthe following compounds serves as a coenzyme for transaminase reactions?

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Coenzyme A

Pyridoxal phosphate

FAD

59. A bottle containing an enzyme solution is labeled as 10,000 units/mg protein with a concentration of 1mg/ml protein in 100 mM Tris-HC!. From this bottle, if 1.0 ml of enzyme solution is taken in a new bottle and 9.0 ml of double distilled water is added, total how many units of enzyme is present in the new bottle?

8,000 units

1,000 units

100,000 units

10,000 units

60. Two Drosophila recessive mutations of bristles are nuked and singed. When the two are mated, each offspring had bristles with mutant characteristics, not wild-type. We can say that these two mutations

Complement and are therefore allelic

Do not complement and ,are therefore allelic

Do not complement and are therefore not allelic

Do not complement and are therefore on different pieces of DNA

61. Which ofthe following statements about histones is incorrect?

They bind tightly to the DNA

They are highly alkaline proteins

They are negatively charged

They can be modified to regulate expression from DNA

62. A cross is made involving two genes of interest in yeast and the following tetrads were obtained: 8 non-parental ditypes; 37 tetratypes; 80 parental ditypes. The map distance between these two genes is

1

21.2

29.6

36

63. The restoration of function by a second mutation at a different site in the same gene is called

Reverse mutation

Tautomeric shift

Intergenic suppression

Intragenic suppression

64. Map units on a linkage map cannot be relied upon to calculate physical distances on a chromosome because

The frequency of crossing over varies along the length of the chromosome

The gene order on the chromosomes is slightly different in every individual

Physical distances between genes change during the course ofthe cell cycle

The relative distances that are measured varies in each individual

65. Identify the statement that is true regarding genome imprinting

It involves an irreversible alteration in the DNA sequence of imprinted genes

It is greatest in females because of the larger maternal contribution of cytoplasm

It explains cases in which the gender of the parent from which an allele is inherited affects the expression of that allele

It is an irreversible process as the imprinted genes do not erase and restablish during the course of development

66. Which ofthe following is not a component of Ti plasmid based vectors?

An origin of replication for replication in Escherichia coli

The right and left border sequence of the T-DNA

A polylinker site

Cytokinin genes

67. Expression of bar gene in transgenic plants can confer resistance to the following herbicide

Phosphinothricin

Glyphosate

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Atrazine

68. The thylakoids of chloroplasts are removed and kept in a culture medium containing CO2 and water. Ifthe set-up is exposed to light, hexose -sugars are not formed as end products. The most appropriate reason for this phenomenon is

C02 assimilation cannot take place in the presence of light

The pigment systems are not working

The light trapping device is non-functional

Enzymes are not available

69. Why is cambium considered a lateral meristem?

Because it gives rise to lateral branches

Because it increases the girth of the plant

Because it increases the length of the plant

Because it increases the height and diameter of the plant

70. The function of crista in mitochondrion is?

Intake of oxygen

Carbon assimilation

Elimination of carbon dioxide

Electron transport and ATP synthesis

71. The mechanism ensuring the genetic continuity in mitosis is

Segregation of maternal and paternal characters

Crossing over

IIalving chromosome number between the two daughter cells

Formation of two daughter cells with identical DNA

72. Gibberellins stimulate flowering in

Day neutral plants

B)Short day plants

Long day plants

All ofthe above

73. A lot of starch is deposited in a banana fruit as it matures. Which of the following explains how the starch gets there?

Starch solution passes through cells such as companion cell to fruit

Starch grains pass through cells from xylem to fruit

A sugar solution passes through cells such as companion cells to the fruit where it is changed to starch

Starch solution passes through cells from phloem to fruit

74. Closed vascular bundles are those in which

A bundle sheath surrounds a vascular bundle

Cambium is not present

Cambium is present

Vascular bundles lie close

75. Which of the following fruits is a case of parthenogenesis?

A fruit without seeds after fertilization

A fruit with seeds after fertilization

A fruit with viable seeds without

A fruit with viable seeds after fertilization