1. The chemical that is used extensively in RNA preparations as a RNAse inhibitor is

Diethyl pyrocarbamate

Phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride

Dieca

Guanidine isothio cyanide

2. IfP of y and of than which of the following is true?

P is greater than Q

P is less than Q

P is equal to Q

Relationship between P and Q cannot be determined

3. A study is carried to identify polymorphic DNA markers among a set of pure lines using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA regions amplified were of same length in all the pure lines tested suggesting they were monomorphic markers. However, these DNA bands when restricted with restriction enzymes, showed polymorphism in band length. Which one of the following marker type could be developed to analyze the detected polymorphism among the pure lines?

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker

Cleaved Amplified polymorphic sequence DNA (CAPS) marker

Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker

Single nucleotide polymorphic marker

4. In two dimensional gel electrophoresis, a series of protein bands are separated in the first step by isoelectric focusing in a strip. However, in the second step, the same strip is turned 90 degree and placed on another gel containing SDS and electric current is applied and in this step

the individual bands become stained so that the isoelectric focus pattern can be visualized

the individual bands become visualized by interacting with protein-specific antibodies in the second gel

the proteins in the bands separate more completely because the second electric current is in the opposite polarity to the first one

the proteins with similar isoelectric points become further separated according to their molecular weights

5. A cross is made between two linked genes in yeast viz., arg3 ura2 X ARG3 URA2 and the resulting diploid (arg3 ura2/ARG3 URA2) was allowed to undergo meiosis and the products were analyzed. The meiotic product that represents non-parental ditype is

arg3 ura2; arg3 ura2; ARG3 URA2; ARG3 URA2

arg3 ura2; arg3 URA2; ARG3 ura2; ARG3 URA2

arg3 URA2; arg3 URA2; ARG3 ura2: ARG3 ura2

ARG3 URA2; ARG3 URA2; ARG3 URA2; ARG3 URA2

6. This is a type of bioinformatics tool for biological sequence comparison. The same term is also a name of rice disease caused by a fungus. What is this term?

String

Clustal

Blast

Blocks

7. Identify the mismatch

Porins -Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Capsules -Indian ink

Teichoic acid -Cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria

Mesosomes -Storage inclusions

8. Plate count of bacteria in foods generally use the plating medium consisting of

Peptone, yeast extract, glucose, sodium. chloride, agar and distilled water

Yeast extract, glucose, sodium chloride, agar and distilled water

Peptone, yeast extract, glucose, sodium. chloride and distilled water

Peptone, glucose, sodium chloride, agar and distilled water

9. In a sampling site, 20% of plants are below 8 feet height. The number of plants above 8 feet of height is 2/3 of the number of 8 feet height which is 48. What are the total number of plants sampled?

72

80

100

120

10. Molecular chaperones are class of proteins that facilitate

Protein folding of newly synthesized proteins

Unfolding of newly synthesized proteins

Degradation of newly synthesized proteins

Targeting of newly synthesized proteins

11. An experiment to resolve large segments of restricted DNA molecule of an entire genomic DNA of an organism is planned using gel electrophoresis method of separation using two but alternate electric fields to obtain a highly reproducible restriction profile of the nucleic acid molecule in a single gel. Choose one of the following electrophoresis techniques which would allow the above conditions

Pulse field gel electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

DNA sequencing gel electrophoresis

12. A breeder is interested to map a recessive gene and needs to obtain large number of recessive homozygotes for gene mapping studies. Which of the mapping populations would be appropriate to generate plants homozygous for the recessive trait?

Recombinant inbred line

Near-isogenic line

Open pollinated plants

Doubled haploid plants

13. One of the research scholar was working on molecular plant-pathogen interactions on a crop plant. One day, he isolated genomic DNA from both plants infecting bacteria and crop plant species. He wanted to check the quality of isolated genomic DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis. When he was preparing agarose gel, he realized that Ethidium bromide (ETBr) is finished in his lab, although his lab was fully equipped with all necessary chemicals and kits for molecular biology and genomics related experiments. At this junction what option you will suggest to use as a substitute for ETBr?

Malachite green

SYBR green

Indocyanine green

Bromophenol blue

14. One of the research scholars was conducting PCR experiment in the lab. As per his requirements and availability of stock solution he planned his experiment. He had the following stock solutions in his lab. Genomic DNA 100 Mg/mL, Forward primer 500 pmol, Reverse primer 500 pmol, PCR-buffer lOX, MgCb 25 mM, dNTPs 10 mM, Taq Polymerase 5 U/ML. He has prepared the reaction mixture as follows:
Genomic DNA 10 ML
F Primer 5 ML
R Primer 5 ML
10X Buffer 5 ML
MgCl2 ML
dNTPs= 1 ML
Taq Polymerase 0.4 ML
Sterile Milli Q water 18.6 ML
Total Volume 50 ML
What was the final concentration of each components in the PCR-reaction mixture?

DNA 1000 Mg, Each Primer 50 pmol, Buffer IX, MgCb 2.5 mM, dNTPs 200 nM, Taq Polymerase 2U

DNA=1 Mg, Each Primer 50 pmol, Buffer IX, MgCb 2.5 mM, dNTPs 200 nM, Taq Polymerase 2U

DNA=1 Mg, Each Primer 50 pmol, Buffer IX, MgCb 2.5 mM, dNTPs 200 MM, Taq Polymerase 2U

DNA=100 Mg, Each Primer 50 I-lmol, Buffer IX, MgCb 2.5 mM, dNTPs 200 MM, Taq Polymerase 2U

15. The type of association that is found in between entomophilous flower and pollinating agent is

Cooperation

Mutualism

Commensalism

Coevolution

16. Which of the following compounds can be used as a negative selection agent for selecting auxin auxotrophs in cultured plant cells?

Sodium nitrate

Sodium chloride

Sodium arsenate

Sodium sulphate

17. Notl is a type of restriction enzyme. It is a/an

Hexa-cutter restriction endonuclease

Penta-cutter restriction endonuclease

Tetra-cutter restriction endonuclease

Octa-cutter restriction endonuclease

18. Colchicine, extracted from Colchicum autumnale induces polyploidization by inhibiting

Microtubule depolymerization

Microtubule polymerization

DNA replication

DNA translation

19. The agronomically important traits such as crop yield, height of the plant and grain weight are controlled by many genes referred as 'polygenes', with each gene contributing varying effects to the total variance of the traits. Which genotyping technique is applied in identifying and analyzing these traits for crop improvement through marker assisted selection

Inheritance breeding

Quantitative trait loci

Resistance breeding

Qualitative inheritance

20. Holozoic nutrition observed in most of the pathogens are characterized by

Phagocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles

Pinocytosis of solid nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles

Phagocytosis of soluble nutrients and subsequent formation of phagocytic vacuoles

Photosynthesize the solid nutrients and translocate to various parts of the body

21. All of the following cryoprotectants are membrane permeating that can freely diffuse the membrane except

Glycerol

Ethylene glycol

Sucrose

Dimethyl sulfoxide

22. In chain terminating DNA sequencing reaction how different nucleotides Care labelled

Different fluorescent dyes are used to label different deoxynucleotides

Different fluorescent dyes are used to label different dideoxynucleotides

Different fluorescent dyes are used to label the primers

After completion of sequencing reaction, the sequencing products are stained with specific protein labelled with different dyes

23. A student is asked to identify proteins that do not need a localization signal for its functioning. Which among the following proteins would be the ideal protein that does not need localization signal?

A cytosolic protein

A cell surface protein

A protein bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane

A nuclear protein

24. The proportion of genotypes that would be aaBb in the progeny produced after selfing a plant that is dihybrid B/b is (assume independent assortment of the genes)

1/2

1/4

1/8

1/16

25. Which of the following is arranged in the ascending order of Linnaean hierarchy?

Species -Genus -Family -Phylum -Order -Class -Kingdom

Species -Genus -Family -Order Class -Phylum -Kingdom

Kingdom -Phylum -Order -Class -Family -Genus -Species

Kingdom -Phylum -Class -Order -Family -Genus -Species

26. If the genome of a newly isolated virus displays the base composition as A G T C the virus most likely consists of

Single-stranded DNA

Double-stranded DNA

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded RNA

27. In one of the very popular molecular biology/genomics experiments some components are mixed and incubated as per the standard protocol. In the whole process, the quantification of final product formed is detected by several different types of detection chemistry such as using DNA binding dyes or using hybridization probe or using hydrolysis probe or using molecular beacons. What is the name of this experiment?

PCR

Real-time PCR

AP-PCR

Northern hybridization

28. Contig, Minimum tiling path, shotgun, Coverage, assembly, annotation: these terms are best defined during

Gene cloning and transformation studies

Microarray analysis of a gene family

Whole genome sequencing project

Comparative genomics and metabolomics analysis

29. An integral membrane protein will commonly be solubilized by extraction with

a buffer of alkaline or acid pH

a solution of high ionic strength

a solution containing detergent

a chelating agent that removes divalent cations

30. The enzyme that is used to add mononucleotide triphosphates to the 3'OH group of a DNA fragment is

Polynucleotide kinase

Terminal nucleotidyl transferase

Terminal phosphoryl transferase

DNA ligases

31. Unique coenzymes like coenzyme M and coenzyme F420 are present in

Methanogenic bacteria

Acetogenic bacteria

Methanotrophic bacteria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria

32. Flagella are whip-like structures protruding from the bacterial cell wall and are responsible for bacterial motility. The arrangement of flagella on the bacterial cell is unique to the species observed. Find out the right order from the cartoon (From A to

Monotrichous, Lopotrichous, Amphitrichous, Peritrichous

<img src='./qimages/16021-32a.jpg'>

Monotrichous, Lopotrichous, Peritrichous, Amphitrichous

<img src='./qimages/16021-32b.jpg'>

Monotrichous, Lopotrichus, Amphitrichous, Peritrichous

<img src='./qimages/16021-32c.jpg'>

Monotrichous, Amphitrichous, Peritrichous, Lopotrichous

<img src='./qimages/16021-32d.jpg'>

33. What could be expected outcome when two genes being studied for their phenotypic characters are demonstrated as a physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome?

The percentage of crossing over between them would be very high

The chiasmata formation would be increased

No crossing over can ever take place between the loci

Only double crossovers can take place between them

34. Which of the statements is incorrect with regard to pioneering experiments conducted by Gottlieb Haberlandt in plant tissue culture?

He cultured fully differentiated palisade cells from leaves

He used Knop's salt solution enriched with glucose for culturing cells

He observed cell divisions in cultured cells without any expression of totipotency

In the cultures initiated by him, the cells increased in size but failed to divide

35. Gregor Johann Mendel, the Father of Genetics was the first person to understand the principles of heredity. The success of Mendel's experiments can be ascribed to all of the following except

He selected varieties that had clearly different forms of characters

He selected seven characters which were inherited quantitatively

He has used pure lines as parents in the crosses and kept careful numerical records of results

He used mathematical approach in interpretation of the data

36. Which of the following type of interactions is not a part of tertiary structure?

Hydrophobic interactions

Peptide bonds

Salt bridges

Hydrophilic interactions

37. Assimilatory sulphate reduction involves the nucleotide during the incorporation ofH2S in the production of

ATP, Cytosine

ATP, Methionine

UTP, Cytosine

GTP, Cytosine

38. Which of the following is important in carbohydrate and fat metabolism in plants?

Citric acid

Pyruvate

Acetyl-CoA

3-Phosphoglycerate

39. Which of the following statements is correct about 'Keystone species'

Keystone species are the small-sized plants and organisms which have large effect on the environment

Keystone species play critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community

Keystone species do not generally affect other organisms

Keystone species are very sensitive to environmental changes in their ecosystems

40. Which among the following is not an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

H2

H2S

S203

H20

41. Metagenomics refers to

The genomics of a community of organisms

Methylation patterns of the organism

Comparing genomes of several members of the same species

The development and application of global experimental approaches to assess gene function.

42. Which of the following acts as an influx carrier for auxin?

PIN1

ABCB protein

AUX1

TIR1

43. In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues

tryptophan, aspartate, or cysteine

asparagine, serine, or threonine

glycine, alanine or aspartate

aspartate or glutamate

44. Which of the following processes can generate recombinant gametes?

Crossing over between two linked homozygous loci

Independent assortment of two unlinked heterozygous loci

Segregation of alleles in a heterozygote

Independent assortment of two unlinked homozygous loci

45. Which of the following is not correct about suppressor mutations?

It suppresses the effect of another mutation

It occurs at a site that is distinct from the site of original mutation

An individual with a suppressor mutation is a double mutant exhibiting wild type phenotype

It occurs at the same site as that of the original mutation thus restoring the wild type phenotype

46. Basic difference(s) between a Bacteria, Virus, Viroid and Prion in the right order are

A peptidoglycan located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, Particle is made up of many copies of the same protein called coat protein, Naked nucleic acid molecule, misfolded protein molecule

Particle is made up of many copies of the same protein called coat protein, A peptidoglycan located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, misfolded protein molecule, naked nucleic acid molecule

Naked nucleic acid molecule, misfolded protein molecule, A peptidoglycan located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, particle is made up of many copies of the same protein called coat protein

A peptidoglycan located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Naked nucleic acid molecule, particle is made up of many copies of the same protein caned coat protein, misfolded protein molecule

47. Which of the following statements about the amino acid cystine is correct?

Cystine forms when the -CH2-SH R group is oxidized to form a CH2-CH2 disulphide bride between two cysteines

Cystine is an example of non-standard amino acid, derived by linking two standard amino acids

Cystine is formed by the oxidation of the carboxylic acid group on cystine

Two cystines are released when a CH2-S-S-CH2-disulphide bridge is reduced to -CH2-SH

48. Two or more diverged populations that are substantially, but not completely, reproductively isolated are

Paraphyletic

Monophyletic

Incipient species

Phylogenetic

49. A taxon containing the descendants of a common ancestor that retain shared primitive characters, but omitting descendants that have lost those characters is

Paraphyletic

Ecotype

Allopatric

Phylogenetics

50. Match the Escherichia coli proteins associated with DNA replication given in Panel A with their roles during semiconservative replication given in Panel B and choose the right answer

Panel A Panel B

a. Dna B helicase i. Joins the okazaki fragments on the nascent lagging strand following synthesis

b. Dna G primase ii. Separates and unwinds the two strands of DNA as replication progresses

c. DNA ligase iii. Repeatedly synthesizes a short RNA primer that allows the lagging strand polymerase to reinitiate on the lagging strand template

d. Polymerase 1 iv. Removes the RNA primer on each okazaki fragment and resynthesizes it with DNA on two lagging strands

a b c d

a b c d

a b c. d

a b c d

51. Casparian strips in the root endodermal cells are rich in

Lignin

Suberin

Cellulose

Chitin

52. Match the following related to Lichens

a. Saxicolous i. Wood livers

b. Corticolous ii. Soil livers

c. Terricolous iii. Rock dwellers

d. Lignicolous IV. Bark livers

The correct match is

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

53. The term homeobox refers to

A group of genes that determine polarity during development

Peptide sequences of 60 amino acids that turn other genes on or off

Zones of polarizing activity commonly observed during flower development

A specific nucleotide sequence present within certain genes that regulate development

54. Agar, a commercial product that is used in ice creams as a gelling agent and to culture the bacteria and other microorganisms, is extracted from the following red algal genera

Laminaria and Ectocarpus

Gelidium and Gracilaria

Oedogonium and Ulothrix

Trichodesmium and Polysiphonia

55. For protein synthesis, an amino acid needs to be attached by its group to the _of the tRNA molecule

amino; phosphoryl group on the

carboxyl; phosphoryl group on the

carboxyl; hydroxyl group on the

carboxyl: hydroxyl group on the

56. 'Porogamy' is defined as

Fertilization in which the pollen tube enters the ovule through the integument

Fertilization without a pollen grain

Fertilization in which the pollen tube enters the ovule through the chalaza

Fertilization in which the pollen tube enters the 'ovule through the micropyle

57. Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis?

Somatic embryos are bipolar structures and arise from somatic cells

They usually require a hormonal or stress stimuli for induction

Somatic embryos have closed vascular system in dicotyledonous plants

They have open vascular system in monocotyledonous plants

58. Match the research institutes given in Panel B with their locations given in Panel B and mark the correct answer

Panel A Panel B

a. National Rice Research Institute i. Lucknow

b. National Botanical Research Institute ii. Thiruvananthapuram

c. Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute iii. Pusa Campus

d. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources iv. Cuttack

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

59. Yoshinori Ohsumi received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discoveries concerning

Novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites

Activation of innate immunity

Reprogramming of mature cells to become pluripotent

Mechanisms for autophagy

60. One of the following is a hydrocarbon plant

Elaeis guinensis

Jatropha curcas

Musa paradisiaca

Calotropis gigantia

61. Enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation are present in

Grana

F0-F1particles

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

62. Which one of the following is not used as a genome-editing tool?

S1 nuclease

Zinc finger nucleases

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

63. Identify the mismatch

Nitrosococcus -Oxidizing ammonia

Biological dinitrogen fixation -Require 18 ATP

Nitrobacter -Chemoorganoheterotroph

Inundation -An abundant, usually overwhelming flow or fall, as of a river or rain

64. Members of two or more populations occurring in separate non-overlapping geographical areas are

Phylogenetic

Sympatric

Allopatric

Monophyletic

65. Salicylic acid, an important phenolic compound was first isolated from the bark of

Quercus alba

Magnolic grandiflora

Musa paradisiaca

Salix alba

66. The RNA polymerase that functions in the nucleus and transcribes siRNAs that play a role in DNA methylation and chromatin structure is

RNA polymerase 1

RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase III

RNA polymerase IV

67. Phylogenetic system of classification is based on several constant characters along with evolutionary sequence being considered. This is an example of

Linnaeus system

Bentham and Hooker's system

Engler and Prantl

De Candolles system

68. When a gene diverges after a speciation event but the gene and its main function are conserved then it is

Homologous

Heterologous

Orthologous

Paralogous

69. When the haploids are derived through the process of ovule androgenesis, they would exhibit

Characters of male parent only

Characters of female parent only

Combination of male and female characters

Predominantly female characters with few male characters

70. The amount of NADPH required for fatty acid biosynthesis can be produced from

HMP pathway

TCA cycle

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

71. In Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation process, one major problem is the overgrowth of Agrobacterium that could significantly reduce the plant transformation efficiency. Which of the following antiobiotics has been found to be effective in eliminating or inhibiting the growth ofAgrobacterium in such experiments?

Penicillin

Timentin

Lancomycin

Streptomycin

72. Which mineral element is essential for the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase?

Copper

Iron

Molybdenum

Magnesium

73. Match the following and choose the correct answer

Panel A Panel B

a. Isoenzyme i. The part of an enzyme that consists of wholly of protein

b. Coenzyme ii. Active forms of enzyme

c. Holoenzyme iii. Non-protein compounds that are necessary for the functioning of enzymes

d. Apoenzyme iv. Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

a b c d

74. Which of the following amino acid undergoes oxidative deamination at a highest rate?

Glutamate

Aspartate

Alanine

Glutamine

75. Broad sense heritability is defined as

The p10portion of phenotypic variance that is due to genetic variance

The proportion of phenotypic variance that is due to environmental variance

The proportion of phenotypic variance that is equal to additive genetic variance

The proportion of phenotypic variance that is due to maternal genetic variance

76. Trypsin specifically cleaves peptide bonds in which site of the amino acids

Arg, Lys

Tyr, Phe

Ile, Met, Arg

Arg, Try

77. Synecology is the study of

Individual organism

Interaction of individual organism with environment

Effect of different environments on one organism

Community of living organisms

78. Identify the mismatch

Homolographic type of equal area map projection

Thermal Radiation -Infrared radiation emitted by objects

Ionosphere -Layer of Earth's atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation

Great Victoria Desert -the largest desert in West Africa

79. Callose is one of the cell wall polysaccharides of the following cells

Mesophyll cells

Pollen mother cells

Companion cells

Guard cells

80. A genetically engineered crop specIes containing Bt cry gene referred as 'Bollgard" pertains to

Gossypium hirsutum L.

Zea mays L.

Solanum tuberosum L.

Oryza sativa L.