1. The statement of purpose in a research study should:

Identify the design of the study

Identify the intent or objective of the study

Identify the literature to be consulted

Describe the study

2. What kind of ideas can't be empirically researched?

Effectiveness of different methods of instruction

Description of educational practices

Issues of values and morality

Factors helpful in predicting future drug use

3. Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:

it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest

it relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures

it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world

it uses the inductive scientific method

4. The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?

Experimental

Causal-comparative

Correlational

Ethnography

5. Defining hypotheses is a useful way of approaching research because:

It will impress the reader

It allows for the development of indisputable proof to be established

It looks suitably scientific

It allows the development of testable propositions.

6. Carefully study the stages below. Do they refer to induction or deduction? Theory developed Thesis worded Observation made Thesis tested on data

Induction

Deduction

Both induction and deduction

Neither induction nor deduction

7. When evaluating the research study results you would consider all of the following as important except:

The author's qualifications and experience

The design and methodology for the study

The significance of the things

The discussion and recommendations

8. Constraints or problems in a research study are known as ...

Assumptions

Generalizations

Concepts

Limitations

9. A critical review aims to:

Summarize information on a topic from all relevant literature

Identify strengths and limitations to make conclusion

Describe the methods used to gain evidence in the research studies

Identify weaknesses in research studies to make judgments about their suitability

10. The research process is best described as

Method to select a frame of reference

Set of rules that govern the selection of subjects

Series of steps completed in a logical order

Plan that directs the research design

11. A king has a parrot that he used to keep in a golden cage. One day he found the cage empty. Somebody had set the bird free. The king questioned his three jesters, Tom, dick and Harry. They replied thus: Tom: Dick set it free Dick: I did Harry: I had nothing to do with it. Later it was found that only one of them had told the truth. Who set the bird free?

Tom

Dick

Harry

None of them

12. A new sapling grows at the rate of 1/10th of its height per month. Suppose the initial height of the sapling is 1 cm. Assuming a simple constant linear growth pattern, how many months will it take for the sapling to double its height?

7 1/2 months

8 months

10 months

none of the above

13. Assume that milk boils at 100°C. The boiled milk first cools down to 50°C in time t minutes. For the next every lOoC cooling, it takes t minutes. Suppose you want a sample of boiled milk to cool down from 1000e to 30°C, how much time will it take?

3 x t minutes

7 x t minutes

10 x t minutes

none of the above

14. A butcher trapped some chickens and goats in a cage. There were sixty heads and 160 feet inside the cage. How many chickens and goats did he trap?

Chicken 60; Goat 160

Chicken 40; Goat 20

Chicken 20; Goat 40

none of the above

15. The logic problems in this set present you with three true statements: Fact Fact and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled II, and and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact. One or two of the statements could be true; all of the statements could be true; or none of the statements could be true. Choose your answer based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Question:

Fact Eyeglass frames cost between Rs.250 and Rs.1000.
Fact Some eyeglass frames are made of titanium.
Fact Some eyeglass frames are made of plastic.
If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact?

I. Titanium eyeglass frames cost more than plastic frames

II. Expensive eyeglass frames last longer than cheap frames

III. Only a few eyeglass frames cost less than Rs.250.

I only

II only

II and III only

None of the statements is a fact

16. The logic problems in this set present you with three true statements: Fact Fact and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled II, and and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact. One or two of the statements could be true; all of the statements could be true; or none of the statements could be true. Choose your answer based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Question:

Fact Geetha has four children
Fact Two of the children have blue eyes and two the children have brown eyes.
Fact Half of the children are girls.
If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact?

I. At least one girl has blue eyes
II. Two of the children are boys
III. The boys have brown eyes

I only

II only

II and III only

(d)None of the statements is a fact.

17. The logic problems in this set present you with three true statements: Fact Fact and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled II, and and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact. One or two of the statements could be true; all of the statements could be true; or none of the statements could be true. Choose your answer based solely on the information given in the first three facts.

Question:

Fact All hats have brims. Fact There are black hats and blue hats. Fact Base ball caps are hats. If the first three statements are facts, which ofthe following statements must also be a fact?

I. All caps have brims
II. Some baseball caps are blue
III. Baseball caps have no brims

I only

II only

II and III only

(d)None of the statements is a fact.

18. A research proposal is best described as

Framework for data collection and analysis

Description of the research process for a research project

Description of how the researcher plans to maintain an ethical perspective during the study

Argument for the merit of the study

19. The purpose of literature review is to:

Use the literature to identify present knowledge and what is unknown

Assist in defining the problem and operational definition

Identify strengths and weakness of previous studies

All the above

20. What is the main quality of a good theory?

A theory that is proven to be right at a particular point in time

A theory that has been revised

A theory cited by many researchers

A theory that has survived attempts at falsification

20.

Critical thinking: A

Disputes between people happen in our day today life. Some are ordinary but some are technical. Disputes need to be resolved. However without knowing the exact nature of a dispute, one cannot simply resolve it. Hence it is useful to make initial classification for deeper and closer analysis of disputes. We can broadly classify dispute into two, namely, disagreement in belief and disagreement in attitude. Two persons can disagree on factual matter, for instance, whether or not Delhi is the capital of India. This type of disagreement which can be addressed by looking into the world of facts can be roughly identified as disagreement in belief. We can ascertain a fact by different kind of scientific or objective method. However, there are times when even after looking into facts, some disagreements may persist. For instance, one person will be of the opinion that Delhi is the worst city in the country while the other may disagree by saying that Delhi is rather the best city in the country. They differ in terms of their approval or value judgment of the subject matter at hand. Such type of disagreement is referred to as disagreement in attitude. And for addressing such a problem, it is useful to understand the motive and intention of the disputants, or employ rhetoric rich in persuasive and expressive language. We may have to exercise reason to understand and to persuade each other as how best we can value a thing. It is possible that two persons can agree with respect to belief but disagree with respect to attitude or that they can disagree with respect to belief but agree with respect to attitude. Sometimes disagreement between two persons can be both. Given the general character of dispute outlined above, check if there is any dispute between pairs of sentences given below and if so, identify the kind of dispute and justify your answer. Your analysis for each should not exceed 150 words.

1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Life remains the same with or without a companion.

2. How can one make sense of state's silence on religious fundamentalism in India today? I answer that one cannot without disgrace support the present government.
With all the controversial issues of religious fundamentalism in India, it is without doubt that India still is the best example of religious tolerance.

20.

Critical thinking: B

In the passage given above (i.e., Critical thinking: we have identified two kinds of disputes, namely, disagreement in belief and disagreement in attitude. Both are genuine disputes. However, there is yet another type of dispute which is not considered genuine. On the contrary it is called a verbal dispute. A verbal dispute is one where a disagreement between two persons arises due to linguistic confusion or ambiguity. Misuse ofwords in the formulation of a problem may be deliberate or inadvertent. At times, the confusion may arise due to context of language use. Such a dispute can be resolved by clarifying the meanings of words that occur in a dispute or by providing the context oflanguage use. For instance, one philosopher may insist that'a birdsinging in a remote jungle makes no sound' while another philosopher insists that it does. This disagreement at first appears to be genuine but can be categorized as verbal disagreement in that the meaning of the term "sound" has been used by them differently. While the first is using it in the sense of auditory perception of a human subject, the latter in the mechanical sense of air vibration. Finally we now introduce a third kind of dispute -criterial disagreement. This type of disagreement is both verbal and genuine. For example, two persons can disagree on whether or not a film involving explicit sexual activity is an art film. One might argue that it is "pornography." Even after clarifying the lexical meaning of the term "art" or "pornography," it is quite possible that their disagreement continues -they may disagree more fundamentally with respect to their theoretical or conceptual frameworks which may be influenced by culture and ideology. Criterial disagreement cannot be simply resolved by looking at the dictionary meaning of words. It is akin to disagreement of attitude and requires analysis at a much higher level of abstraction to resolve it. In such a case, we say that the dispute is apparently verbal but really genuine. Having outlined the distinction between verbal and genuine disagreements on the one hand and criterial disagreement on the other, identify the kind of dispute between pairs of sentences given below and justify your answer. Your analysis for each should not exceed 150 words.

1. Revenue is good for the Government because revenue collection for this year is more than the last year by 25%.
No, it is not good this year. After calculating the expenditure, the balance for this year is 30% lesser than last year.

2. Don't ask your wife whether or not to go to party. Use your own judgment. I will use my own judgment and in my judgment, I should ask my wife.

21. One of the tasks of philosophy is to test conceptual frameworks for depth and consistency. It does this through expressing our ideas in clear, concise language and supporting those ideas with reasons and with overcoming objections to them. Philosophy thus emphasizes the need to:

pose questions that can be resolved not by reasoning but only by faith or personal belief

show why the beliefs adopted by most people in a culture are preferable since more people understand those beliefs and see no reason to raise objections to them

articulate what we mean by our beliefs and to justify our beliefs by arguments

develop a set of ideas about the nature of society that can be used to support a religious conceptual framework.

22. According to Plato, we can attain knowledge only by seeing beyond this world of particular, changing objects to the true essences or Forms in terms of which things in this world are intelligible. For example, we know what triangularity is not from comparing sensible triangles but by thinking of the ideal of triangularity in terms of which these sensible figures are recognized as triangles. From this Plato concludes that all knowledge (as opposed to opinion) is innate, because:

from the moment we are born we know what things are in the world in terms of ideas that we get through our senses

since we are born with senses (that is, our senses are innate), we can know things about the sensible world with certainty as long as we rely on the senses alone.

our knowledge of the world is not really of the sensible world itself but of the world grasped mathematically and ideally.

since our absolutely certain knowledge of things cannot be based on the changing things in sensible experience, it must merely be triggered by sensible experience.

23. According to Socrates, just as there is a difference between what an ironic statement says and its true meaning, so also appearances differ from reality. Even though societies or individuals appear to differ about what is required for the good life, that in no way contradicts the fact that:

what is right or wrong, true or false varies from one culture to another.

appearances are the only real way we have for knowing reality.

the distinction of appearance and reality is the basis for the dialectical discovery of truth.

there are objective principles for thought and action that are required for the good life.

24. In Aristotle's terminology, incontinence is when:

One does not know that one's actions are wrong, but does them any way

one knows that one's feelings are inappropriate, and does not act on them

One knows that one's feelings are inappropriate, and does not act on them.

one does the right action, but for the wrong reason.

25. Jainism classifies paroksajniina into ...

mati and avadhi

avadhi and sruta

mati and sruta

avadhi and kevala

26. Prama according to the Buddhists is ...

A}niitiitattvarthajnana

Tadvatitatprakiirakamjniinam

Samyakjniinam

asamdightayathiirthiinubhavam



27. Read the following passage and answer the question.

The thesis of James' Radical Empiricism is that "There is only one primal stuff or material in the world, a stuff of which everything is composed, and ... we call that stuff 'pure experience.'" James' Empiricism differs from traditional British Empiricism in his insistence that we remain within concrete experience, his insistence that "conjunctive and disjunctive relations are, when experienced, equally real." The world of facts as we experience them comprises a mosaic or set of mosaics and some of these directly experienced mosaics of plural facts appear to be connected, while others are experienced as disjunctives. The unity of the universe as a neat set of interconnected relations in an Absolute is false, said James, because direct experience informs us of a discontinuity of facts in a mosaic design. Thus Radical Empiricism claims that data in our experience show the universe to be pluralistic, comprised of facts which form neither a perfect unity nor any absolutely perfect relationship to one another. James termed this Metaphysical Pluralism a "mosaic philosophy."

Question:

For James the primary stuff is

ordinary experience

pure experience

mixed experience

imagination

28. Read the following passage and answer the question.

The thesis of James' Radical Empiricism is that "There is only one primal stuff or material in the world, a stuff of which everything is composed, and ... we call that stuff 'pure experience.'" James' Empiricism differs from traditional British Empiricism in his insistence that we remain within concrete experience, his insistence that "conjunctive and disjunctive relations are, when experienced, equally real." The world of facts as we experience them comprises a mosaic or set of mosaics and some of these directly experienced mosaics of plural facts appear to be connected, while others are experienced as disjunctives. The unity of the universe as a neat set of interconnected relations in an Absolute is false, said James, because direct experience informs us of a discontinuity of facts in a mosaic design. Thus Radical Empiricism claims that data in our experience show the universe to be pluralistic, comprised of facts which form neither a perfect unity nor any absolutely perfect relationship to one another. James termed this Metaphysical Pluralism a "mosaic philosophy."

Question:

Radical Empiricism holds that everything of the world is composed of

pure experience

mixed experience

ordinary experience

imagination

29. Read the following passage and answer the question.

The thesis of James' Radical Empiricism is that "There is only one primal stuff or material in the world, a stuff of which everything is composed, and ... we call that stuff 'pure experience.'" James' Empiricism differs from traditional British Empiricism in his insistence that we remain within concrete experience, his insistence that "conjunctive and disjunctive relations are, when experienced, equally real." The world of facts as we experience them comprises a mosaic or set of mosaics and some of these directly experienced mosaics of plural facts appear to be connected, while others are experienced as disjunctives. The unity of the universe as a neat set of interconnected relations in an Absolute is false, said James, because direct experience informs us of a discontinuity of facts in a mosaic design. Thus Radical Empiricism claims that data in our experience show the universe to be pluralistic, comprised of facts which form neither a perfect unity nor any absolutely perfect relationship to one another. James termed this Metaphysical Pluralism a "mosaic philosophy."

Question:

Radical Empiricism differs from British Empiricism in

Preference for concrete experience.

Conjunctive and disjunctive relations are equally real.

Both the above are true.

Both of them are false.

30. Read the following passage and answer the question.

The thesis of James' Radical Empiricism is that "There is only one primal stuff or material in the world, a stuff of which everything is composed, and ... we call that stuff 'pure experience.'" James' Empiricism differs from traditional British Empiricism in his insistence that we remain within concrete experience, his insistence that "conjunctive and disjunctive relations are, when experienced, equally real." The world of facts as we experience them comprises a mosaic or set of mosaics and some of these directly experienced mosaics of plural facts appear to be connected, while others are experienced as disjunctives. The unity of the universe as a neat set of interconnected relations in an Absolute is false, said James, because direct experience informs us of a discontinuity of facts in a mosaic design. Thus Radical Empiricism claims that data in our experience show the universe to be pluralistic, comprised of facts which form neither a perfect unity nor any absolutely perfect relationship to one another. James termed this Metaphysical Pluralism a "mosaic philosophy."

Question:

The world of facts are

mosaic

sets of mosaic

connected and disjunctive

All the three are true

31. Read the following passage and answer the question.

The thesis of James' Radical Empiricism is that "There is only one primal stuff or material in the world, a stuff of which everything is composed, and ... we call that stuff 'pure experience.'" James' Empiricism differs from traditional British Empiricism in his insistence that we remain within concrete experience, his insistence that "conjunctive and disjunctive relations are, when experienced, equally real." The world of facts as we experience them comprises a mosaic or set of mosaics and some of these directly experienced mosaics of plural facts appear to be connected, while others are experienced as disjunctives. The unity of the universe as a neat set of interconnected relations in an Absolute is false, said James, because direct experience informs us of a discontinuity of facts in a mosaic design. Thus Radical Empiricism claims that data in our experience show the universe to be pluralistic, comprised of facts which form neither a perfect unity nor any absolutely perfect relationship to one another. James termed this Metaphysical Pluralism a "mosaic philosophy."

Question:

Which one of the following is not correct for James?

The unity of the universe is false.

The universe is pluralistic.

Experience informs discontinuity.

The universe is a neat set of inter-connected relations.

32. The view that Isvara is only the nimittakarana of the world is upheld by:

The Nyaya

The Samkhya

The Advaitavedanta

The Mlmamsa

33. According to Samkara Vyavaharikasatta is falsified by ...

Pratibhasikasatta

Paramarthikasatta

Both and

Neither nor

34. Vedanga that deals with the etymological meaning of Veda is:

siksa

vyakarana

nirukta

kalpa

35. Which one of the following is not a niyama according to Yoga philosophy?

Isvaraparinidana

satya

santosa

svadhyaya

36. The primary meaning of a word according to the Mimamsakas ...

refers to the genus or the class character of individuals

refers to the form or configuration of the individuals

refers to an individual

refers to the individual, the configuration and the generality

37. Which of the following does not match?

Nyaya-bindu Dharmaklrti

Nyaya-kusumanjali Udayanacharya

Vivekacudamani Ramanujacharya

Saundaryalahari Sankaracharyya

38. Which of the statements below best captures what Kant's constructivism says about the world of which we can have knowledge?

It's entirely created by our minds.

It has its own structure completely independent of our minds.

Its fundamental structure depends on our minds, but our minds must work with given material that they don't create.

It's sustained by a single divine mind

39. Which of the following is part of sadhanacatustaya according to Samkara?

Study of Vedas

Discriminating knowledge of the eternal and non eternal nature of things

Listening to the Guru

Concentration of the mind

40. Which one of the following alternatives does not stand for pak$ata according to Nyaya?

Siddhi and no si$adhayz$a

Siddhi and si$adhayz$a

No siddhi and no si$adhayz$a

No siddhi and si$adhayz$a

41. What are the arguments of Aristotle in rejecting Plato's theory of forms? Are they justified? Discuss.

42. Why does Descartes suppose at the end of Meditation that there is an evil demon "who works as hard as he can to deceive me"?

43. Do you agree with Hume that "the most lively thought is still inferior to the dullest sensation"? Discuss.

44. What is an imperative, in Kant's philosophy? What is the difference between hypothetical and categorical imperatives?

45. What are the three factors of Reality enunciated in Jainism? From this how did they criticize the Buddhist theory of k$anikavada?

46. Explain how the Samkhya theory of satkaryavada is central to their philosophy?

47. Evaluate Ramanuja's critique of Sankara's theory of maya.

48. State and explain the criterion for Reality according to Vaisesika Philosophy