Paper-II
Section A

Answer any four of the following (Maximum 150 words):

Discuss reversible thermodynamic processes

Write short note on fugacity

Write short note on reactors in series

A solution of naphthalene, C10H8, in benzene, C6 H6, contains 25 mole per cent of naphthalene. Express the composition of the solution in weight percent

A solution of Sodium Chloride in water contains 230 grams of NaCl per liter at 20° C. The density of solution at this temperature is 1.148 grams per cubic centimeter, calculate:

Volumetric percent of water

Composition in mole percent

Modality.

Note: Density of water at 20° C 0.998 g/cc.

Answer the following questions

The liquid phase reaction (where K1 8 liter/mol. Min K2 3 liter/mol. is carried out in 150 litre stirred tank reactor under steady state conditions. Reactants A and B are fed to the reactor at equal volumetric flow rates. The concentrations of A and B streams are 2.8 mole A/litre and 1.6 mole B/litre. What should be the flow rate of each stream to get 75% conversion of the limiting reactant

Prove that the heat transferred equals the enthalpy change of the system for a mechanically reversible, constant-volume, constant-pressure, non-flow processes

Answer the following questions

A steel casting [Cp 0.5 kJ kg-1 K − weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of 450° C is quenched in 150 kg of oil [Cp 2.5 kJ kg-1 at 25° If there are no heat losses, what is the change in entropy of:

the casting

the oil

both considered together

Derive the expression for the design equation of tubular reactor

Answer the following questions

One litre/mm of liquid containing A and B [CA0 0.10 mol/litre, CBO 0.01 mol/litre] flow into a mixed reactor of volume of one litre. The materials react in a complex manner for which the stoichiometry is unknown. The outlet streak from the reactor contains B and C (CAf 0.02 mol/litre, Cbt 0.03 mol/litre, Ccf 0.04 mol/litre). Find the rate of reaction of B and C for the conditions within the reactor

Chlorobenzene is nitrated using a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. During the pilot plant studies, a charge consisted of 100 kg chlorobenzene 106.5 kg 65.5% (by weight) nitric acid and 108 kg 93.6% (by weight) sulphuric acid. After two hours of operation, the final mixture was analysed. It was found that the final product contained unreacted chlorobenzene. Also the product distribution was found to be 66% p-nitrochlorobenzene and 34% o-nitrochloro benzene, calculate:

The analysis of charge

The percentage conversion of chlorobenzene

Section B

Answer any four of the following in brief (Maximum 150 words):

PERT

Break-even analysis

Biogas

Essential oils

Norms for air emission

Describe manufacture of ammonia giving neat flow diagram and discuss its major pollution problems

Answer the following questions

Suggest and justify a location for a soda ash plant

Discuss greenhouse effect

Answer the following questions

Discuss cracking in brief

The original value of a piece of equipment is Rs. 22, 000. Its salvage value is Rs. 000 at the end of service life of 10 years. Determine the book value of the equipment at the end of 5 years using:

Straight-line method

Textbook declining-balance method

Double declining-balance method