Paper-II

Section A
1. Answer any four of the following
a. Distinguish between adiabatic flame temperature and actual flame temperature
b. What is Joule-Thomson coefficient and what is inversion point? Sketch the isenthalpic curves for a gas and show the inversion curve and explain the significance of Joule-Thomson coefficient
c. Define effectiveness factor. On what parameters does the effectiveness parameter of a first order reaction depend? What is meant by the regime of strong pore resistance
d. What is an azeotrope? Draw the and diagrams for maximum boiling and for minimum boiling azeotropes. What kind of azeotrope a system is likely to form if it exhibits large positive deviations from Raoults law
e. What are performance equations of different reactors? Derive the performance equation for a plug flow reactor operating at steady state conditions? How would you graphically represent these performance equations
2. A hydrocarbon fuel of unknown composition is burned with air and the volumetric composition of the resulting combustion products on dry basis is CO2 7.26% CO 2.42%, O2 7.5% and N2 82.82%, Determine the composition of the fuel on mass basis and the per cent excess air used for combustion
3. Industrial grade methanol is produced according to the reaction CO 2H2 → 4 H3 OH Assuming that the reaction mixture attains a state of equilibrium. Estimate the degree of conversion at 500 K and 5 bar pressure. The enthalpy of vaporization of CH3 OH at 298.15 K is 37.988 kJ/mol. The saturation pressure of CH3OH at 298. l5 K is 0. l67l6 bar. The isobaric molar heat capacities of the reactants and products are expressed as Cp a bT cT2 where, C is in kJ/mol K and T is in K. For CH3 OH it is known that H° f298 -238.648 kJ/mol and G° f296 -166.215 kJ/mol Data: Substance a b × 103 c × 106 H0 f298 G298 CO 28.07 4.63 − 110.532 − 137.327 H2 27.01 3.51 CH3OH 18.38 101.56 − 28.68
4. What is autocatalytic reaction? How do you calculate the conversion X of a reactant at a given time Derive the required expression assuming the initial concentration of reaction A to be CA0. Which reactor arrangement would you suggest for obtaining the highest achievable conversion? Explain using a rate-concentration curve

Section B
1. Answer any four of the following
a. What is coking? What are the different coking processes employed in the industry? Discuss in brief, the basic process variables, which contribute to the quality and yields of Delayed Coking products
b. What are the major engineering problems faced in fermentation processes? Enumerate the different methods for the production of ethyl alcohol. Describe in brief the process of production of ethyl alcohol by fermentation
c. What are the various factors which should be considered while making a feasibility survey of a proposed design project
d. What is acid rain and what are the possible causes for it? Elaborate on the adverse effects of acid rain
e. What is meant by Ozone depletion? Describe the various Ozone destruction cycles in brief.
How is the presence of Ozone in the stratosphere beneficial
2. How would you define cement? List the various types of port land cement along with their characteristic properties and composition. Describe in detail, with the help of a neat flow sheet, the process of production of Portland cement
3. A plant designer has to choose between equipment 1 and equipment the details of which are given below: Equipment 1 Equipment 2 Cost Rs. 500, 000 Rs. 200, 000 End of the year Maintenance cost Rs. 10, 000 Salvage value Rs. 50, 000 Service life 8 Years 4 Years If the interest rate is 10% compounded annually, calculate the present worth of investment be made for each equipment and choose the equipment which has the lower present worth
4. Answer the following questions
a. Describe the different meteorological variables which influence severity of pollution. Define lapse rate and temperature inversion
b. Explain the different techniques employed to use forest biomass solid waste as domestic and industrial fuel supplement