SECTION A

QI. Answer each of the following in about 150 words each 8x5=40
Discuss the runoff cycle with a neat sketch.
What is the weakness of rational formula in estimating peak runoff
SECTION A rate What is the time of concentration of the watershed having length of 1500 m and land slope 0·5%
(C)The annual maximum one day rainfall for 10 years is as follows 85, 91, 178, 80, 130, 105, 215, 90, 200 and 165. Find the approximate values of 5-year 1-day and 2-year 1-day rainfall.
The longest lengths of a. watershed consist of 60, 75, 80 and 75 m of slopes O· 0· 15, 0·20 and 0·25% respectively. Determine the average slope and time of concentration of the watershed..
The following elevations of contour lines and I the areas within the
contour lines were found in a pond
Elevation of contour lines Area within the contour lines
33 0.08
35 0.35
37 0.45
39 0.70
41 0.95

Calculate the storage capacity of the pond.

Q2.(a) Define weathering. Discuss the mechanics of wat..r erosion. 10
Discuss the topographic effect of soil erosion. 10
Discuss the factors that affect the shape of a hydrograph. 10
Discuss the symptoms of water erosion in soil. 10
Q3.(a) Design a contour bund with the following 20
Land slope 2·0%
Rainfall abstraction 30%
The maximum rainfall expected in 10-year recurrence interv.al 10 cm
Horizontal spacing between the bund =100 m
Side slope of the bund 1·5: 1
Seepage line of bund soil 5 1
Freeboard 20% of water depth
Describe the stages of gully development. 10
Discuss the effect of tillage practices on soil erosion. 10.
Q4. Determine the volume of earth work from the following 10
Bottom length 20 m
Bottom width 12 m
Side slope 2:i
Depth= 3 m
Define terrace. Describe the procedure for design of a bench terrace.
What is the horizontal distance of broad base terrace of land slope 10
What are the benefits of organic mulch Discuss the minimum tillage
with its objectives. 10
Differentiate active and passive remote sensing. What are the stages of
remote sensing 10
SECTIONB
Q5. Answer each of the following in about 150 words each 8x5=40

Define open channel. With the diagraam discuss the different
components of it. . 8

Water is applied at a rate of 30 l/s in a border strip 6 m wide. The
estimated depth of water flow is 7 ·O cm and..tlie rate of infiltration is
3·5 cm/h. Determine the time required for: the water to reach a
distance or'350 the average depth of water applied; and the
maximum area and length of border that cane irrigated. 8
What is a pump? Classify the types of pumps.
A pump lifts 93,600 litres of water per hour. against a total head of 21 m. 9ompute the water horse power. If the puinp has an efficiency of 7·2%, what size of prime mover is required to opet-ate the pump? 8
What is a Cipolletti weir? What are the advaiii.tages of it over other
weirs Compute the discharge of a rectangular wire of 50 cm width and
15 cm head of water for no-end contraction, one-end contraction and
two-end contraction. Use Francis' formula. 8
What do you mean by irrigation efficiency? Determine the water use
efficiency from the following data l 8
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Q6. Differentiate net and gross irrigation require:tnent and irrigation interval and irrigation period. Calculate the fubulative evaporation required for scheduling irrigation at IW/CPE r..tio of 0·5, 0•6 and 0·8 with 5 cm of irrigation water
(b)Determine the dis<!harge of a channel of bed width= 2·0 depth of water 1 ·5 side slope 1 ·5 1 and longitud:irl.al slope 1 in 1000. Assume Manning's n 0·04 and any reasonable data, if necessary.
trapezoidal channel of length 30 bottom width 20 cm, side slope 0·5: 1 is laid on a land of0·2% slope. At some pointoftime the depth of water at upstream end is 20 cm. What is the volµme of water in the channel?
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Q7. What is sub-surface drainage What are the factors that cause increase
in the ground water level What are the advantages of sub-surface
drainage over surface drainage

30 cm diameter well completely penetrates a confined aquifer of permeability 50 m/day. The length of the strainer is 25 m. Under steady state of pumping the drawdown at the well was found to be 3·5 m and the radius of influence was 300 m. Calculate the discharge.

(c)Define drip irrigation. Give some other names of drip irrigation. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation
sprinkler irrigation system is designed to deliver a daily irrigation requirement of 7 mm and a desired depth of 15 mm. Ten 300 m long laterals with sprinklers in a 15 m square spacing pattern are operated simultaneously to irrigate a 25 ha field. Determine the maximum time between successive irrigations and the sprinkler system capacity required for a. set length of 8 hours. Assume that 1 hour in each set is required to move each lateral and an application efficiency of 80%.
Q8.(a) What is the farm silos Classify and discuss.

(b)Why is salt in soil a problem What are the causes of salt problem in
soil
(c)Determine the most efficient cross-section in an open channel to carry a discharge of 1 ·5 m3/s for trapezoidal channel. Assume the channel bed slope of 0·005 and n 0·02. The side slope is 1 ·5 1.

(d)What do you mean by irrigation efficiency What is the importance of it A stream of 150 l/s was diverted from a canal and 120 l/s was delivered to a wheat field of 1·75 ha. The irrigation continued for 7·5 hours. The effective root zone depth was 1·8 m. The runoff loss in the field was 450 m3 • The depth of water penetrated linearly from 1·8 m at the head end to 1·2 mat the tail end. The moisture holding capacity of the soil is 25 cm/m depth of soil. Irrigation was given at 50% depletion of available soil moisture. Determine the water conveyance efficiency and application efficiency.
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