I. Write short notes about this topic in 150 words
Bipolar and Tetrapolar heterothallism in fungi
Cytoplasmic hybrids
Fungal Toxins
Elaters
Plant quarantines.

2. Somaclonal variations can be used for variety of crop development. How? Explain with suitable examples. 15
Give an account of Ascus development in fungi ,with suitable examples. 15
Give an illustrated account of range of thallus structure in algae. 15
Describe the emzymatic method of isolation of protoplasts taking the example of Carrot. 15

3. Draw well labelled diagrams of the above
L.S. of sporophyte of Riccia
L.S. Of sporophytc of Funaria
L.S. of strobilus of Selaginella
H.L.S. of Marsilea sporocarp.


4 . Differentiate between the above
(a)Polarity and Symmetry
Prions and Viroids
Rust and Smut diseases
Eusporangiate and Leptosporangiate ferns
Downy mildews and Powdery mildews.

SECTION-B
5. Answer the following in about 150 words each
12x5=60
Write the botanical names and the families to which the following plants belong
Flax
Guar
Date Palm
Cocaine
Ginseng
Any timber plant

Give a brief account of Dwarf shoot in Pinus.
Differentiate between interxylary and intraxylary phlocms.
Make a comparison of Androecium in Malvaceae. Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae.
Give a brief account of polyembryony in Angiosperms.
6. Compare the female strobili of Pim,s and Ephedra.
Compare the development or typical monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic embryo sacs. 15

Draw a labelled diagram of L.S of Ovule of Cycas. 15
Why is Ginkgo biloba considered as a living fossil Explain. 15
7. Vavilov's theory indicates that "a region with the greatest genetic diversity is also the centre of origin of that particular species. This statement is no longer tenable. Explain with any two examples. 20
· Draw a cross section of a typical anther and label the parts carefully. 20
"Gymnosperms were perhaps the immediate ancestors of angiosperms." Substantiate the statement, and also give reasons to disprove the statement. 20

8. "Embryology has also played an important role in Taxonomy of angiosperms." Elaborate the statement with the help of some examples. 15
Asteraceae isconsidered as one of the highly evolved families of angiosperms, Give an account of advanced characters in Asteraceae. 15
Ethnobotany has provided important clues to discovery of modern drugs. Give an account of Ethnobotany taking some suitable examples .. I 5
Compare and contrast the floral characters of the three sub-families of Leguminosae.