1.
Role of microbes in mining and pharmaceuticals

Ultrastructure of flagella in Algae

Role of soil solarization in disease control

Lytic cycle of bacteriophage

Physiological relationship of two partners in Lichens

2.
Explain the molecular basis of infection and disease resistance in plants.

Describe the characteristic features of Cyanobacteria and mention its role in nitrogen fixation.

Write down the characters of pteridophytes resembling bryophytes and gymnosperms.

3.
Discuss the evolution of Sporophyte in Bryophytes.

Trace the transition from multisporangia to conidia in Mucorales with illustrations and suitable examples,

(c)Describe the different stages in the development of female gametophyte within the ovule in Cycas.

4. Give the name of the causal organism, symptoms and control measures of any four important crop diseases caused respectively by
a fungus
a bacterium
a virus
a mycoplasma


5. Briefly describe the following in about 150 words each:
Forensic application of .palynology
Procedure and maintenance of Herbarium
Tumour cells and their culture
Xylem and phloem differentiation.
Energy plantations

6.
Describe the principles and application of embryo culture techniques, mentioning the protocol for embryo culture.
Write an account of the following families in regard to their floral structures. Give the botanical names of three important plant species belonging to each of the families and specify their uses:
Asclepiadaceae
Musaceae
Apiaceae

7.
Discuss the principle and application ·of Numerical Taxonomy.

Give the botanical names of latex yielding plants with narcotic properties and also write the names of the plant-parts used therein.

How anthers and pollens are cultured in vitro? Discuss its importance in the production of haploid plants.

8.
Compare and contrast the systems of classification of angiosperms proposed by Hutchinson and Takhtajan.

Differentiate between normal and abnormal secondary growth in dicot stem. Discuss with suitable examples. Draw labelled diagrams.

Write a notes on the following.
Heart wood and Sap wood
Different types of trichomes