l.Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: lOx5=50
Many non-nutritive substances are often being mixed in animal and poultry ration as growth-promoters. Discuss the uSes and abuses of these growth-promoters.
Enlist different blood-proteins and describe their functions in brief. What organs of the body play a crucial role in blood-protein biosynthesis?
Why is the precise detection of oestrus very crucial in animal reproduction? What are the various methods ofoestrus detection?
What role is played by pulmonary circulation in the body How are oxygen and carbon dioxide gases exchanged in this process
Why are broilers and layers fed different types of rations What are the similarities and dissimilarities in these two rations?

2.
How will you design an economic ration of pigs for production of lean meat? Explain.
What is silage? Discuss in brief about the anti-nutritional factors commonly found in animal feeds.
Discuss at least two methods that are utilized in formulating animal rations.

3.
Why is maintenance of blood pressure vital What are the various factors that influence blood pressure? Explain.
How is urine formed Discuss the role of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in this process.
Briefly discuss different types of hormone receptors and their role in signal transduction.


4.
Explain how carbohydrates and proteins are digested in ruminant and non-ruminant animals.
Give the schematic representation of partitioning of feed energy in the body oflactating cows.
Dillcuss the diluents used in cattle flomon proservation. What are the precautions that are necessary during semen preservation and thawing?


5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: lOx5=50

The demand for milk and milk products is constantly increasing in India. What are the various constraints that discourage many entrepreneurs in venturing in this sector?
Why is green fodder considered as an essential constituent of ration for young and mature livestock? How will you ensure round the year supply ofgreen fodder for dairy animals?
What advanced preparations should be made to ensure milk production during natural disasters like drought and flood?
What are the fundamental objectives of extension Write the aims of extension in accordance with National Commission on Agriculture.
How is recombinant DNA technology influencing the livestock production Explain.

6.

For a long time in India, mixed farming has been advocated more than the specialized farming. However, recent trends indicate that specialized farming is also gaining ground. What could be the reasons behind this changed mindset
What is the importance of extension programme in the Indian farming system What are the different methods utilised by extension workers in training farmers?
Plan a dairy farm to produce approximately 500 kg milk per day year round. Indicate the feed and fodder requirements and the breeding programme to maintain the constancy of milk production.

7.
How do somatic and germ cells divide What is the role of division processes in maintaining the phenotype of individual and its progeny? Outline the division process diagrammatically.
WhaL is the molecular basis of Mendelian genetics What are the reasons for variations in observed and in theoretical ratios of the segregating population?
What do you understand by 'genetic" code' Discuss the important features ofgenetic code.

8.

Define inbreeding coefficient and write its utility. What are the consequences of inbreeding depression in large and small herds
What is the importance ofprogeny testing? Compare the traditional and modern methods ofprogeny testing in cattle.
Why is Hardy-Weinberg law considered as the backbone of population genetics? What are the different factors that lead to a drift from Hardy-Weinberg law?