Exam Details
Subject | management | |
Paper | ||
Exam / Course | mains | |
Department | ||
Organization | Karnataka Public Service Commission | |
Position | ||
Exam Date | 2010 | |
City, State | karnataka, |
Question Paper
I30/1 I
2010
MANAGEMENT
Paper 1
Time: 3 Hours J Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in English and in Kannada.
Answers must be written in the medium specified (English or Kannada) in the Admission Ticket issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer book in the space
provided for this purpose. In case ofany doubt in the Kannada text, please refer to English text.
This paper has four parts:
A 20 marks
B 100 marks
C 90 marks
D 90 marks
Marks allotted to each question are indicated in each part.
All questions in Part Part B and Part C are compulsory.
Answer any three questions in Part D.
i1f meegoci i1f
30!1 (2
PART A 4x.'5=20
Answer each question in about 50 words. Each question carries 5 marks.
1. Define Organisational behaviour and the disciplines that contrihutc to it.
Explain the decision making process.
Give the characteristics of Indian economy.
Cd) With a suitable figure locate mean, median, and mode in a positively skewed distribution.
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3 30/1
t,Tolri A 4x5=20
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30/1 (4
PARTB
Answer each question in about 100 words. Each question carries 10 marks.
2. Explain the findings of David C. McClelland, Jay Hall and his colleagnes,
as the characteristics of high achievers.
3.
What impacts group creates on organisational and individual employee effectiveness
4.
Explain the managerial roles approach to management.
5.
What factors are to be considered In determining an effective span of management? Why
6. Classify capital investment projects and briefly explain.
7.
Explain the pricing of joint products in variable proportions.
8.
To estimate the yield under each alternative, the state of the economy,
the probabilities and yield are shown in the table below. Find the best
investment alternatives with and without perfect information.
Probabilities 0·5 0·3 0·2
Economy Growth Stagnation Inflation
Alternatives
Al 12 6 3
A2 15 3
A3 6·5 6·5 6·5
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30/1
9. A car manufacturing company has plants at cities Band C. The distrib)ition centres are located at X and Y. The capacity of the plants during the next quarter is 1000, 1500 and 1200 cars respectively. The quarterly demand of the two distribution centres is 2300 and 1400 cars. The train transportation cost per car per km is 2. The chart below shows the distance in km between the plants and the distribution cen,tres. Using least cost method, find out how many cars should be transported from which plant to which distribution centre to minimise the cost.
X Y
A 1000 2690
B 1250 1350
C 1275 850
10.
Give the characteristics of normal probability distribution including area under the curve with a suitable figure.
11.
Explain the variations in time series with suitable figures.
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30/1 (8
PARTe 6x15=90
Answer each question in about 150 words. Each question carries 15 marks.
12. What are the sources of conflicts and strategies for conflict resolution
13.
Explain the factorsdetermini"l!' the degree of decentralization of authotity.
14.
Briefly explain the different demand forecasting methods.
13. Explain the factors responsible for the economies of scale.
16. Find out the shortest route in the network given using dynamic programming approach.
17. At Standard Knitting Co., information on overhead expenses and units produced are coUeeted to predict the future overhead. The data coUected
are as follows.
Overhead cost in t 191 170 272 155 280 173 234 116 153 178
No. of unite produced 40 42 53 35 56 39 48 30 37 40
Develop the regression equation for predicting overhead expenses.
Cb) Predict the overhead expense to produce 50 units.
(9I 30/1 I,Toln C 6x15=90
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30/1
PJURT D 3x30
Answer any three of the following questions. each in about 300 words. Each question carries 30 marks.
18. Explain leadership "as a continuum.
Explain the elimination of barriers to communication.
19.
Explain different approaches to departmentation with suitable figures.
20.
What are the industrial policy initiatives taken by India for privatisation and liberalisation and the sectors opened to private sector?
21.
Solve the following linear programming prohlem by simplex method
Maximize 6xI+ 4x2 subject to the following constraints
4x1 2x2 120
22. Karnataka theatre owners know that certain hit movies ran an average of 84 days in each city of the state. The southern districts theatre owners are interested to compare the popularity of hit movies in their region with tbe other regions. They randomly chose 75 theatres and found that
the hit movies run for an average of 81-5 days.
State the hypothesis to test whether difference in number of days hit movies and other regions. there ran i was n sou a significant thern districts
At significance level test the hypothesis.
Explain the test result with a suitable figure.
30/1 D 3x30=90
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4x1 2x2 120
22. o;>z"ll1Z 84 i5Nil'!.li51Z omOei5erl Mt:l.:l. 1Za
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Note: The English version of the instructions is printed on the front cover . of this question paper.
13 30/1
APPENDIX>TABLE I Areas Under the Standard Normal Probability DIstribution Between the Mean and positive Values of z·
Mean 1=2.24
EXAMPLE: To find the area under the curve between the mean and a point 2.24 standard deviations to the right ofthe mean, look up the vaiue opposite 2.2 and under .04 in the table, .487& of the area under the curve lies between the mean and a 1 value of 2.24.
• .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09 0.0 ...oo .0040 .0060 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0595 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
0.5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2517 .2549
0.7 .2580 .2611 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.8 .2881 .2910 . .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
0.9
.3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
1.0
.3413 .3438 .3461 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.2 .3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3952 .3980 .3997 .4015
1.3 .4032 .4049 .4066 .A082 .4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177
1.4 .4192 .4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319
1.5 .4332 .4345 .4357 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429 .4441
1.6 .4452 .4463 .4474 .4484 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
1.7 .4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633
1.8 .4641 .4649 .4656 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706
1.9
.4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
2.0
.4772 .4778 .4783 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .4812 .4817
2.1 .4821 .4826 .4830 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
2.2 .4861 .4864 .4868 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890
2.3 .4893 .4895 .4898 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4922 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936
2.5 .4938 .4940 .4941 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4951 .4952 .4953 .4964
2.7 .4955 .4966 .4957 .4966 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
2.9
.4951 .4982 .4982 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986
3.0
.4987 .4987 .4987 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
From Robert D. Mason, Essentials 01 Statlsrlcs, 0 1976, p. 307. Reprinted by permission of Prentice-all, Inc., Englewood CUffs. N.J.
30/1 141
APPENDIX TABLE 2 Areas In Both Tails Combined for Student's t Distribution.'
1.729 =1.729
EXAMPLE: To find the value of t which corresponds to an area of .10 in both tails of the distribution combined, when there are 19 degrees of freedom, look under the .10 column; and proceed down to the 19 degrees 01 freedom row; t"e appropriate t value there Is 1.729.
A,.. in bath taill combined
Oegr••• of freedom .10 .06 .02 .01
I 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 2.353 3.162 4.541 5.841
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 1.695 2.365 2.998 .3.499
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 11 l.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.698
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 21 l.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 22 l.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 23 l.714 2.069 2.500 2.so7 24 l.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 1:701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
120 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 Normal Distribution 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576
from Table III FIsher and VIIeI, Strttlatlctl Tabla lor B/oIq1fCaI, MedfcaJ
R....,.h. GrouP Ltd.. L<lndon 1_""""by Oli_ • lloyd. by
permiuion of the authorI ancI pubI/Itler1.
15 I 30/1
"PPENDIX TABLE 5 Area In the RIght Tall ora Chi-square ex-I DlstrlbuU..".'
EXAMPLE: In a chi-square distribution with 11 degrees of freedom, if we want to
lind the appropriate chi-square value for .20 of the area under the curve (the colored area ih the right tail) we look under the .20 column in the table and proceed ·down to
the 11 degrees of freadom row; the appropriate chi-square value there 10 14.631
Degr••• of Ar•• In right tall
freedom .89 .975 .95 .90 .100
t .00016 .00096 .003ll8 .0158 .0642
2 .0201 .0506 .103 .211 .446
3 .115 .216 .352 .584 1.006
4 .297 .484 .711 1.064 1.649
5 .564 .831 1.145 1.610 2.343
6 .672 1.237 1.835 2.204 3.070
7 1.239 1.6110 2.167 2.633 3.822
8 1.648 2.180 2.733 3.4110 4.594 .
9 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.188 5.380
10 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.665 6.179
11 3.053 3.616 4.575 5.576 6.989
12 3.571 4.404 5.228 6.304 7.807
13 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 8.834
14 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.7110 9.467
15 5.229 8.282 7.281 . 8.647 10.307
16 5.812 6.llO8 7.962 9.312 11.152
17 6.406 7.584 8.672 10.065 12.002
16 7.015 6.231 9.3110 10.865 12.857
19 7.833 8.1107 10.117 11.651 13.716
20 8.260 9.591 10.651 12.443 14.578
21 8.697 10.283 11.591 13.240 15.445
22 9.642 10.982 12.338 14.041 16.314
23 10.196 11.689 13.09t 14.848 17.187
24 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.656 18.062
25 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 18.940
26 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 19.820
27 12.679 14.573 18.151 18.114 20.703
28 13.565 15.308 16.926 16.939 21.588
29 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 22.475
30 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 23.364
• Taken tram TIbIe IV of Flsher and ValeS, StatIstIcaJ Tables foI 8IoJogJcaJ, AgrIcIJltlnJ IIIId Medic" by Lid.. LondOn published by"'-.Boyd. -gillan<l by IImlIMion of Itle auIhonI and publishers.
30/1 116)
APPENDIX TABLE 6 Values of F for F Distributions with of the Area in the Risht TaU·
EXAMPLE: For a test at a significance level of .05 where we have 15 degrees freedom for the numerator and 6 degrees of freedom for the denominator, the priate F value is found by looking under the 15 degrees of freedom column an( proceeding down to the 6 degrees of freedom row; there we find the appropriate Ii value to be 3.94.
1 2 3 4 5
5 7
S8
9
10
• 12
.. 13
S 14
g15 16
17 18
• 19
20
•
21
c 22 23 24 25
30 40 80 120
Degrees of freedom for numerator
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 • 9 101215202430 01060120
18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 li
5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.154.104.08 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.84 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.70
5.594.744.354.123.973.873.79 3.73 3.88 3.64 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.41 3.383.34 3.30 3.27 3.:
5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.89 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.153.123.08 3.04 3.01 2.972.
4.96 4.10 3.71 3.46 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.74 2.70 2.88 2.62 2.58 2.;
4.75 3.89 3.49 326 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.89 2.82 2.54 2.51 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.34 2.:
4.80 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.98 2.85 2.78 2.70 2.85 2.80 2.53 2.462.392.352.31 2.272222.182.•.
4.54 3.88 3.29 3.08 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.84 2.59 2.54 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.11
4.49 3.83 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.86 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.1
4.45 3.59 3.20 2.98 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.08 2.01 1.(
4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.34 2.272.192.152.11 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.1
4.38 3.52 3.132.90 2.74 2.83 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.18 2.11 2.072.031:98 1.93 1.1
4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.80 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.202.122.06 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.90
4.323.473.072.84 2.88 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.t
4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.88 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.031.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 U
4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.84 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.05 2.01 1.98 '.91 1.86 1.81 1.1
4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.82 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.18 2.11 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.J'
4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.80 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.98 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.1
4.17 3.32 2.92 2.89 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.18 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.8
4.083.23 2.84 2.81 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.06 2.00 1.921.84 1.79 1.74 1.89 1.84 1.58 1.5
4.00 3.15 2.78 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.59 1.53 1.47 U
3.923.072.88 2.45 2.29 2.18 2.09.2.02 1.98 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.88 1.81 1.551.50 1.43 1.35 1.2
3.84 3.00 2.80 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.75 1.87 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.22 1.Q
Source: M. Merrlngtoo and C. M. Thompson, BIometrHut, YOI. 33
17) 30/1 ofF for P Distributions with .01 of the Area In the Right Tail .01 of area
10.5
EXAMPLE: For a test at a significance level at .01 where we have 7 degrees of free· dam for the numerator and 5 degrees at freedom for the denominator, the appropriate F value is found by looking under the 7 degrees of freedom column and proceeding down to thaS degrees of freedom row; there we find the appropriate F value
to be 10.5.
Degrees of freedom for numeralot
1 23 7
•
•
•
•
•
6,106
5,7M
5,928
6.157
6,281 6,313 6.339 .....
1
'.209 6,235 6,261
'.023 6,056
4,052 ••000 '.403
'.982
....
...
....
.2
99.3
99.3
99.5
99.5
2
99.2
99.'
".0
99.' 99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
.,..
".S .•
.,.7
27.9
27.3 27.2
26.7
34.1
30.•
26.7
26.6
26.4
26.3
3
29.'
".2
26.'
26.'
".1
18.0
15.5,
150
1<7 14.5
14.4
14.2
14.0
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
2t.2
18.0
16.7
152
13.6
13.5
... 10.7 10.3 9.47 '.0210.5 10.1 9.72•
16.3 13.3 12.1
9.29
1'.4
... 10.2 '.89 '.55 '.38 9.20
."
• 1>7 10.9 9.15 8.47 8.10 7.87 7.56 7.31 7.14 .97
9.78
8.75
7.40
7.06
...
'.26
7."
7.19
6.82
6.31
6.07
12.2
9.55
8.45
7.85
.72
... 7.726.47 8.16 7.235.99 5.74
5.91
7
5.65
7."
'.99
'.92
...
7.59
7.01
6.37
5.91 5.81
.
4.71 5.52 4.81 5.28 5.20 5.124.57 '.03 4.95
5.36
....
11.3
8.65
'.03
....
....
5.81
5.47
5.11
....
....
10.8
6.42
• .35
4.73
4.31
'.02
'.99
'.80
'.06
,.0
7.58
....
5.20
5.06
....
4.41
....
6.55
4.25
4.17
'.58
'.99
'.39
'.85
'.33
'.00
....
7.21
4.25
.,. ."5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.54 .." ... 4.10 4.02 3." 3.85 3.78 3.60
11
'.83
3."
."
5,95
....
4.18
4.01
3.78
9.33
6.41
U2
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3.62
12 6.93
3.38
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'.60
'.30
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4.19 4.10
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3.86
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.34
3.25
3.17
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4.28
4.14
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3.35
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4.89
3.80
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2.75
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3.59
3.31
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2.92
2.83
2.75
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2.67
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3.87
3.10
3.48
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3.09
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2.61
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3.78
3.59
345
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260
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4.72
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3.30
2.47
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2.39
2.30
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130/2 I
.... 2010
MANAGEMENT
Paper 2
Time.' 3 Hours] Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in English and in Kannada.
Answers must be written in the medium specified (English or KannadaJ in the Admission Ticket issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer book in the space provided for this purpose. In case ofany doubt in the Kannada text, please refer to English text.
This paper has four parts ..
A 20 marks
B 100 marks
C 90 marks
D 90 marks
Marks allotted to each question are indicated in each part.
All questions in Part Part Band Parl C are compulsory. Answer any three questions in Part D.
<if <if o'JOc!of:J 00<.Jcf1{
30/2
PART A
Answer each question in about 50 words. Each question carries 5 marks.
1. Explain marketing as a simple marketing system.
What are the functions of production (operations) management?
What are the different patterns of capital structure?
What are the sources for recruitment?
3 I 30/2 4x5=20
50 i3icfriM <::JJa:fcfo3 5 "'oil'riw.
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7
[Turn over
30/2
PARTB
Answer each question in about 100 words. Each question carries 10 marks.
2.
Give the major decisions for international marketing and their importance.
3.
Give the different types of marketing control and their purpose.
4.
Explain the consumer buying process with a suitable model.
5.
Give the important quality control tools and their uses.
6.
What are the factors to be considered for plant location?
7.
Give the computation and purpose of coverage ratio.
8.
Explain the operating cycle of a manufacturing firm.
9.
Explain the sources of raising and application of funds.
10.
What are the functions of human resource management?
11.
Give the purpose of different psychological tests used in selection.
(5I 30/2
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7.
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30/2 (6
PARTe
Answer each question in about 150 words. Each question carries 15 marks.
12.
Explain briefly the steps in pricing.
13.
Briefly explain the marketing communication mix.
14.
The annual demand for a two·wheeler component is 2500 boxes. The cost of the component is 750 per box. The inventory carrying cost is 18% per unit per annum. The cost of ordering is 1,080 per order. The company works for 250 days in a year. Design an inventory control plan for this item and give the overall cost of inventory plan.
15.
Explain the estimation of the different components of working capitaL
16.
Write about leverages.
17.
Give the provisions of the following Acts
Trade Union Act
Industrial Disputes Act
Bonus Act
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30/2 18 I
PAJlT D 3x30=90
Answer any three of the following questions, each In about 300 words. Each question carries 30 marks.
18.
Explain the major segmentation variables for consumer market.
19.
Write about aggregate production planning.
20.
Briefly explain techniques used for financial analysis and their uses.
21.
Briefly explain the investment appraisal techniques.
22.
Briefly explain the job evaluation systems.
9 30/2
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lIersion of the linstructions is printed on the front cover "in paper.
2010
MANAGEMENT
Paper 1
Time: 3 Hours J Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in English and in Kannada.
Answers must be written in the medium specified (English or Kannada) in the Admission Ticket issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer book in the space
provided for this purpose. In case ofany doubt in the Kannada text, please refer to English text.
This paper has four parts:
A 20 marks
B 100 marks
C 90 marks
D 90 marks
Marks allotted to each question are indicated in each part.
All questions in Part Part B and Part C are compulsory.
Answer any three questions in Part D.
i1f meegoci i1f
30!1 (2
PART A 4x.'5=20
Answer each question in about 50 words. Each question carries 5 marks.
1. Define Organisational behaviour and the disciplines that contrihutc to it.
Explain the decision making process.
Give the characteristics of Indian economy.
Cd) With a suitable figure locate mean, median, and mode in a positively skewed distribution.
I
j
1
3 30/1
t,Tolri A 4x5=20
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30/1 (4
PARTB
Answer each question in about 100 words. Each question carries 10 marks.
2. Explain the findings of David C. McClelland, Jay Hall and his colleagnes,
as the characteristics of high achievers.
3.
What impacts group creates on organisational and individual employee effectiveness
4.
Explain the managerial roles approach to management.
5.
What factors are to be considered In determining an effective span of management? Why
6. Classify capital investment projects and briefly explain.
7.
Explain the pricing of joint products in variable proportions.
8.
To estimate the yield under each alternative, the state of the economy,
the probabilities and yield are shown in the table below. Find the best
investment alternatives with and without perfect information.
Probabilities 0·5 0·3 0·2
Economy Growth Stagnation Inflation
Alternatives
Al 12 6 3
A2 15 3
A3 6·5 6·5 6·5
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9. A car manufacturing company has plants at cities Band C. The distrib)ition centres are located at X and Y. The capacity of the plants during the next quarter is 1000, 1500 and 1200 cars respectively. The quarterly demand of the two distribution centres is 2300 and 1400 cars. The train transportation cost per car per km is 2. The chart below shows the distance in km between the plants and the distribution cen,tres. Using least cost method, find out how many cars should be transported from which plant to which distribution centre to minimise the cost.
X Y
A 1000 2690
B 1250 1350
C 1275 850
10.
Give the characteristics of normal probability distribution including area under the curve with a suitable figure.
11.
Explain the variations in time series with suitable figures.
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PARTe 6x15=90
Answer each question in about 150 words. Each question carries 15 marks.
12. What are the sources of conflicts and strategies for conflict resolution
13.
Explain the factorsdetermini"l!' the degree of decentralization of authotity.
14.
Briefly explain the different demand forecasting methods.
13. Explain the factors responsible for the economies of scale.
16. Find out the shortest route in the network given using dynamic programming approach.
17. At Standard Knitting Co., information on overhead expenses and units produced are coUeeted to predict the future overhead. The data coUected
are as follows.
Overhead cost in t 191 170 272 155 280 173 234 116 153 178
No. of unite produced 40 42 53 35 56 39 48 30 37 40
Develop the regression equation for predicting overhead expenses.
Cb) Predict the overhead expense to produce 50 units.
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50 ID!3:lE"
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30/1
PJURT D 3x30
Answer any three of the following questions. each in about 300 words. Each question carries 30 marks.
18. Explain leadership "as a continuum.
Explain the elimination of barriers to communication.
19.
Explain different approaches to departmentation with suitable figures.
20.
What are the industrial policy initiatives taken by India for privatisation and liberalisation and the sectors opened to private sector?
21.
Solve the following linear programming prohlem by simplex method
Maximize 6xI+ 4x2 subject to the following constraints
4x1 2x2 120
22. Karnataka theatre owners know that certain hit movies ran an average of 84 days in each city of the state. The southern districts theatre owners are interested to compare the popularity of hit movies in their region with tbe other regions. They randomly chose 75 theatres and found that
the hit movies run for an average of 81-5 days.
State the hypothesis to test whether difference in number of days hit movies and other regions. there ran i was n sou a significant thern districts
At significance level test the hypothesis.
Explain the test result with a suitable figure.
30/1 D 3x30=90
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Note: The English version of the instructions is printed on the front cover . of this question paper.
13 30/1
APPENDIX>TABLE I Areas Under the Standard Normal Probability DIstribution Between the Mean and positive Values of z·
Mean 1=2.24
EXAMPLE: To find the area under the curve between the mean and a point 2.24 standard deviations to the right ofthe mean, look up the vaiue opposite 2.2 and under .04 in the table, .487& of the area under the curve lies between the mean and a 1 value of 2.24.
• .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09 0.0 ...oo .0040 .0060 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0595 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
0.5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2517 .2549
0.7 .2580 .2611 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.8 .2881 .2910 . .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
0.9
.3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
1.0
.3413 .3438 .3461 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.2 .3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3952 .3980 .3997 .4015
1.3 .4032 .4049 .4066 .A082 .4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177
1.4 .4192 .4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319
1.5 .4332 .4345 .4357 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429 .4441
1.6 .4452 .4463 .4474 .4484 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
1.7 .4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633
1.8 .4641 .4649 .4656 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706
1.9
.4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
2.0
.4772 .4778 .4783 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .4812 .4817
2.1 .4821 .4826 .4830 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
2.2 .4861 .4864 .4868 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890
2.3 .4893 .4895 .4898 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4922 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936
2.5 .4938 .4940 .4941 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4951 .4952 .4953 .4964
2.7 .4955 .4966 .4957 .4966 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
2.9
.4951 .4982 .4982 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986
3.0
.4987 .4987 .4987 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
From Robert D. Mason, Essentials 01 Statlsrlcs, 0 1976, p. 307. Reprinted by permission of Prentice-all, Inc., Englewood CUffs. N.J.
30/1 141
APPENDIX TABLE 2 Areas In Both Tails Combined for Student's t Distribution.'
1.729 =1.729
EXAMPLE: To find the value of t which corresponds to an area of .10 in both tails of the distribution combined, when there are 19 degrees of freedom, look under the .10 column; and proceed down to the 19 degrees 01 freedom row; t"e appropriate t value there Is 1.729.
A,.. in bath taill combined
Oegr••• of freedom .10 .06 .02 .01
I 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
2 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
3 2.353 3.162 4.541 5.841
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
5 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
7 1.695 2.365 2.998 .3.499
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 11 l.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
15 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.698
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 21 l.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 22 l.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 23 l.714 2.069 2.500 2.so7 24 l.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
28 1:701 2.048 2.467 2.763
29 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
30 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
120 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 Normal Distribution 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576
from Table III FIsher and VIIeI, Strttlatlctl Tabla lor B/oIq1fCaI, MedfcaJ
R....,.h. GrouP Ltd.. L<lndon 1_""""by Oli_ • lloyd. by
permiuion of the authorI ancI pubI/Itler1.
15 I 30/1
"PPENDIX TABLE 5 Area In the RIght Tall ora Chi-square ex-I DlstrlbuU..".'
EXAMPLE: In a chi-square distribution with 11 degrees of freedom, if we want to
lind the appropriate chi-square value for .20 of the area under the curve (the colored area ih the right tail) we look under the .20 column in the table and proceed ·down to
the 11 degrees of freadom row; the appropriate chi-square value there 10 14.631
Degr••• of Ar•• In right tall
freedom .89 .975 .95 .90 .100
t .00016 .00096 .003ll8 .0158 .0642
2 .0201 .0506 .103 .211 .446
3 .115 .216 .352 .584 1.006
4 .297 .484 .711 1.064 1.649
5 .564 .831 1.145 1.610 2.343
6 .672 1.237 1.835 2.204 3.070
7 1.239 1.6110 2.167 2.633 3.822
8 1.648 2.180 2.733 3.4110 4.594 .
9 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.188 5.380
10 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.665 6.179
11 3.053 3.616 4.575 5.576 6.989
12 3.571 4.404 5.228 6.304 7.807
13 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 8.834
14 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.7110 9.467
15 5.229 8.282 7.281 . 8.647 10.307
16 5.812 6.llO8 7.962 9.312 11.152
17 6.406 7.584 8.672 10.065 12.002
16 7.015 6.231 9.3110 10.865 12.857
19 7.833 8.1107 10.117 11.651 13.716
20 8.260 9.591 10.651 12.443 14.578
21 8.697 10.283 11.591 13.240 15.445
22 9.642 10.982 12.338 14.041 16.314
23 10.196 11.689 13.09t 14.848 17.187
24 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.656 18.062
25 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 18.940
26 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 19.820
27 12.679 14.573 18.151 18.114 20.703
28 13.565 15.308 16.926 16.939 21.588
29 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 22.475
30 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 23.364
• Taken tram TIbIe IV of Flsher and ValeS, StatIstIcaJ Tables foI 8IoJogJcaJ, AgrIcIJltlnJ IIIId Medic" by Lid.. LondOn published by"'-.Boyd. -gillan<l by IImlIMion of Itle auIhonI and publishers.
30/1 116)
APPENDIX TABLE 6 Values of F for F Distributions with of the Area in the Risht TaU·
EXAMPLE: For a test at a significance level of .05 where we have 15 degrees freedom for the numerator and 6 degrees of freedom for the denominator, the priate F value is found by looking under the 15 degrees of freedom column an( proceeding down to the 6 degrees of freedom row; there we find the appropriate Ii value to be 3.94.
1 2 3 4 5
5 7
S8
9
10
• 12
.. 13
S 14
g15 16
17 18
• 19
20
•
21
c 22 23 24 25
30 40 80 120
Degrees of freedom for numerator
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 • 9 101215202430 01060120
18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5 li
5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.154.104.08 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.84 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.70
5.594.744.354.123.973.873.79 3.73 3.88 3.64 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.41 3.383.34 3.30 3.27 3.:
5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.89 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.153.123.08 3.04 3.01 2.972.
4.96 4.10 3.71 3.46 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.74 2.70 2.88 2.62 2.58 2.;
4.75 3.89 3.49 326 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.89 2.82 2.54 2.51 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.34 2.:
4.80 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.98 2.85 2.78 2.70 2.85 2.80 2.53 2.462.392.352.31 2.272222.182.•.
4.54 3.88 3.29 3.08 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.84 2.59 2.54 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.11
4.49 3.83 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.86 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.1
4.45 3.59 3.20 2.98 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.08 2.01 1.(
4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.34 2.272.192.152.11 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.1
4.38 3.52 3.132.90 2.74 2.83 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.18 2.11 2.072.031:98 1.93 1.1
4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.80 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.202.122.06 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.90
4.323.473.072.84 2.88 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.t
4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.88 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.031.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 U
4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.84 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.05 2.01 1.98 '.91 1.86 1.81 1.1
4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.82 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.18 2.11 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.J'
4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.80 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.98 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.1
4.17 3.32 2.92 2.89 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.18 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.8
4.083.23 2.84 2.81 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.06 2.00 1.921.84 1.79 1.74 1.89 1.84 1.58 1.5
4.00 3.15 2.78 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 1.70 1.65 1.59 1.53 1.47 U
3.923.072.88 2.45 2.29 2.18 2.09.2.02 1.98 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.88 1.81 1.551.50 1.43 1.35 1.2
3.84 3.00 2.80 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.75 1.87 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.22 1.Q
Source: M. Merrlngtoo and C. M. Thompson, BIometrHut, YOI. 33
17) 30/1 ofF for P Distributions with .01 of the Area In the Right Tail .01 of area
10.5
EXAMPLE: For a test at a significance level at .01 where we have 7 degrees of free· dam for the numerator and 5 degrees at freedom for the denominator, the appropriate F value is found by looking under the 7 degrees of freedom column and proceeding down to thaS degrees of freedom row; there we find the appropriate F value
to be 10.5.
Degrees of freedom for numeralot
1 23 7
•
•
•
•
•
6,106
5,7M
5,928
6.157
6,281 6,313 6.339 .....
1
'.209 6,235 6,261
'.023 6,056
4,052 ••000 '.403
'.982
....
...
....
.2
99.3
99.3
99.5
99.5
2
99.2
99.'
".0
99.' 99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
99.'
.,..
".S .•
.,.7
27.9
27.3 27.2
26.7
34.1
30.•
26.7
26.6
26.4
26.3
3
29.'
".2
26.'
26.'
".1
18.0
15.5,
150
1<7 14.5
14.4
14.2
14.0
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
2t.2
18.0
16.7
152
13.6
13.5
... 10.7 10.3 9.47 '.0210.5 10.1 9.72•
16.3 13.3 12.1
9.29
1'.4
... 10.2 '.89 '.55 '.38 9.20
."
• 1>7 10.9 9.15 8.47 8.10 7.87 7.56 7.31 7.14 .97
9.78
8.75
7.40
7.06
...
'.26
7."
7.19
6.82
6.31
6.07
12.2
9.55
8.45
7.85
.72
... 7.726.47 8.16 7.235.99 5.74
5.91
7
5.65
7."
'.99
'.92
...
7.59
7.01
6.37
5.91 5.81
.
4.71 5.52 4.81 5.28 5.20 5.124.57 '.03 4.95
5.36
....
11.3
8.65
'.03
....
....
5.81
5.47
5.11
....
....
10.8
6.42
• .35
4.73
4.31
'.02
'.99
'.80
'.06
,.0
7.58
....
5.20
5.06
....
4.41
....
6.55
4.25
4.17
'.58
'.99
'.39
'.85
'.33
'.00
....
7.21
4.25
.,. ."5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.54 .." ... 4.10 4.02 3." 3.85 3.78 3.60
11
'.83
3."
."
5,95
....
4.18
4.01
3.78
9.33
6.41
U2
3.70
3.62
12 6.93
3.38
'.06
'.60
'.30
3."
3."
'.39
3."
....
4.62
4.19 4.10
9.07
6.10
4.88
3.86
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.34
3.25
3.17
'.30
3."
3."
_14
....
....
6.51
4.10
4.48
4.28
4.14
3.43
3.35
3.27
3.18
3.09
3.00
3."
'.58
'.00
4.14
3.67
4.89
3.80
3.52
3.37
3.29
3.21
3.13
3.05
2.9?
2.87
'.38
'.58
'.32
'.00
3."
9."
g15
"2
4.77
4.44
3.89
3.76
3.55
3.41
3.26
3.18
3.10
3.02
•.53
2.93
2.75
'.03
'.23
'.29
3."
2."
4.34
3.59
3.31
8.40
6.11
5.19
4.87
4.10
3.93
3.79
."
3.08
3.00
2.92
2.83
2.75
17
2.65
3."
3."
1 I'·18
....
3.37
1" 6.01 <01 3.60 3.00 2.754.25 3.71
3.23
2.57
2.92
3."
3."
2."
'.29
'.09
2."
.... 3.77 3.30 3.00 2.76 2.58
3.52
3.15
2.92
2.67
8.19
'.93 5.01 '.50 4.17 3." 3." 3.43
2.49
2."
....
4.10
3.87
3.10
3.48
3.23
3.09
2.78
2.61
2.52
20 8.10
3.58
2.69
... 2.42
2."
'.85
'.43
2."
." • 51 3.31 3.03 2.72 2.553.175.79 4.87 4.37 3.81 3...
2.80
2.64
8.02
2.38
3."
2."
2."
i"
....
4.31
3.78
3.59
345
3.35
3.12
2.98
2.67
7.95
5.72
3.89
2.83
2.15
259
260
2.31
3."
0"23
...
4.78
3.41
3.30
." 3.21 2.93 2.70 2.54 2.353.01 2.78 2.62
7.88
2.45
2.26
5."
'.26
3."
2.74
5.61
4.72
4.22
3.90
3.67
3.38
3.26 3.17
3.03
2.89
2.59
249
2.31
2.
2.21
3."
2."
7."
"0
..25 5.57 3.88 2.99 2.70 2.53 2.38 2.17
....
... 4.18 3." 3.13 2.&5 2.62 2.45 2."7.17
4.02
3.47
3.30
2.47
758
4.&1
3.70
.07
298
2.70
2.55
2.39
2.30
2.21
2.11
2.01
30
'.39
2."
... 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.80 2." 2.52 2.37 2.29 ,... 2.11 2.02 1.92
2.20
7.31
1.80
2."
....
3.12
2.50
4.13
3.34
2.85
272 283
2.35
2.20
2.12
2.03
1.94
80
1.73
3."
2."
1."
7."
1."
2.58 2.47
2.34
2.19
4.79
3.48
3.17
2.79
2.03
1.78
1.53
3.95
1.95
1.38
2."
2."
1."
3.32
2.80
2.51
2.41
1.59
•.83
4.61
3.78
3.02
232
218
1.79
1.70
1.47
1.32
1.00
2."
2."
1."
130/2 I
.... 2010
MANAGEMENT
Paper 2
Time.' 3 Hours] Maximum Marks: 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in English and in Kannada.
Answers must be written in the medium specified (English or KannadaJ in the Admission Ticket issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer book in the space provided for this purpose. In case ofany doubt in the Kannada text, please refer to English text.
This paper has four parts ..
A 20 marks
B 100 marks
C 90 marks
D 90 marks
Marks allotted to each question are indicated in each part.
All questions in Part Part Band Parl C are compulsory. Answer any three questions in Part D.
<if <if o'JOc!of:J 00<.Jcf1{
30/2
PART A
Answer each question in about 50 words. Each question carries 5 marks.
1. Explain marketing as a simple marketing system.
What are the functions of production (operations) management?
What are the different patterns of capital structure?
What are the sources for recruitment?
3 I 30/2 4x5=20
50 i3icfriM <::JJa:fcfo3 5 "'oil'riw.
1. z.,ooO 71e1l1
7
[Turn over
30/2
PARTB
Answer each question in about 100 words. Each question carries 10 marks.
2.
Give the major decisions for international marketing and their importance.
3.
Give the different types of marketing control and their purpose.
4.
Explain the consumer buying process with a suitable model.
5.
Give the important quality control tools and their uses.
6.
What are the factors to be considered for plant location?
7.
Give the computation and purpose of coverage ratio.
8.
Explain the operating cycle of a manufacturing firm.
9.
Explain the sources of raising and application of funds.
10.
What are the functions of human resource management?
11.
Give the purpose of different psychological tests used in selection.
(5I 30/2
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6.
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7.
wo6'30S0 (coverage) olen o:m1ivom"ld
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[Turn over
30/2 (6
PARTe
Answer each question in about 150 words. Each question carries 15 marks.
12.
Explain briefly the steps in pricing.
13.
Briefly explain the marketing communication mix.
14.
The annual demand for a two·wheeler component is 2500 boxes. The cost of the component is 750 per box. The inventory carrying cost is 18% per unit per annum. The cost of ordering is 1,080 per order. The company works for 250 days in a year. Design an inventory control plan for this item and give the overall cost of inventory plan.
15.
Explain the estimation of the different components of working capitaL
16.
Write about leverages.
17.
Give the provisions of the following Acts
Trade Union Act
Industrial Disputes Act
Bonus Act
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30/2 18 I
PAJlT D 3x30=90
Answer any three of the following questions, each In about 300 words. Each question carries 30 marks.
18.
Explain the major segmentation variables for consumer market.
19.
Write about aggregate production planning.
20.
Briefly explain techniques used for financial analysis and their uses.
21.
Briefly explain the investment appraisal techniques.
22.
Briefly explain the job evaluation systems.
9 30/2
l,Tolrt D 3x30=90
OJJo'2J""'dd.r.> W§O".
300 :.bcddoJdeJcro. 30 t9oil'n'l/J.
20. 0)050"".
.
30/2 I
2010
BoifrlW 300
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C
D 90 .orlt:JAfer.;ci Boifrll1o£, e.oc:f.toom
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I,JOrl B C ero1M-. D OJ.T.>OJjmcidr.J oiMlci:> ero1BJ.>.
lIersion of the linstructions is printed on the front cover "in paper.
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