1. What is the purpose of using standard abbreviations in drawings Give the standard abbreviations for the following:

Approximate

Left Hand Side

Right Hand Side

Window

Mild Steel

What are the standard categories of scale? Explain briefly.

Explain which types of drawings are required for the construction of a structure.

3. Design the foundation for a 250 mm thick brick masonry wall carrying a load of 120 kN/m with cement concrete base.

Given: Safe bearing capacity of the soil =100 kN/m2 Angle of repose of the soil Unit weight of the soil=20 kN/m^3

Under what circumstances are the following foundations provided

A combined footing

A raft foundation without beams

A raft foundation with beams

Show by means of neat sketches the plan of a raft foundation without beams and the typical reinforcement details in section.

5. Mention the various types of wooden lengthening joints. Where are they used? Explain anyone such type of joint by means of neat sketches.

Why is a steel roof truss preferred to a wooden truss?

Mention the differences between a Howe truss and a Pratt truss.

7. What are the methods of protection of reinforced cement concrete structures against chloride attack?

8. Prepare a spread foundation for a brick masonry internal wall with lime concrete base for the following data

The thickness of the masonry wall =250 mm
Width of footing =1·500 m
Depth of footing below G.L. =1·250 m
Plinth level above G.L. 0·50 m

9. A combined rectangular footing with strap beam connects two RCC columns of size 300 mm square which carry equal loads. Design data is as under:

• Size of the footing -1.5 x 6·0 m

• Overall depth of the footing -300 mm

• Main tensile reinforcement -10 ep HYSD .bars @200 c/c

• Distribution reinforcement ep HYSD bars @250 c/c

• Overall depth of the beam -600 mm

• Width of the beam -400 mm

• Tension reinforcement of the beam bars 22 ep HYSD

• Tension reinforcement in the cantilever portion of the beam bars 22 ep HYSD

• Shear reinforcement of the beam throughout ep HYSD Four legged stirrups @250 c/c

Prepare the following structural drawing for the footing:

L-section of the strap beam

Cross-section of the footing


10. A T-Beam floor in an office building consists of an RCC slab spanning between ribs spaced at 2·5 m c/c. The effective size of the floor is 5m x 10 m and the effective size of the T-beam is 5·0 m. The design data is given below:

• Overall thickness of the floor slab: 110 mm

• Tensile reinforcement of the slab 8 HYSD bars 150 mm c/c

• Distribution reinforcement of the slab 6 bars@300 c/c

• Overall depth of the beam: 400 mm

• Width of the beam: 250 mm

• Tensile reinforcement of the beam 4 -16 HYSD bars

• Shear reinforcement of the beam 8 HYSD two-legged vertical stirrups 170 mm dc, 5 Nos. at each end and nominal shear reinforcement in the rest.

Prepare the following working structural drawing of the floor:

L-section of the T-Beam

Section of the floor so that the X-section of the beams is also seen