1. The Agreement on Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, 1994 permits member States to protect its plant varieties by

Patent law only

An effective sui generis system only

Either patent law or an effective sui generis system

Neither patent law nor a sui generis system

2. Selling of limited quantities of seeds for reproductive purposes refers to

Pedigree selection

brown bagging

pure line selection

disarticulation

3. Conventional plant breeding can be considered to be:

Manipulation of a combination of chromosomes

Developing crops by collective farming

Producing high yielding varieties of seeds

None of the above

4. Read the statement A and B given below and identify whether the statements are correct and whether anyone is the explanation for the other.

Statement A Each species is believed to originate through the forces of genetic variability and natural selection.

Statement B Plant genetic diversity is threatened by 'genetic erosion'.

Both A and Bare correct, and Bis the correct explanation for A

Both A and B are correct, and B is not the correct explanation for A

A is correct and B is wrong

A is wrong and B is correct

5. Which among the following varieties can be registered under the PPVFR Act, 2001

New and Extant varieties

Farmers' and essentially derived varieties

Both and

Neither nor

6. What is meant by

Sanitary and Phyto sanitary Measures Agreement

Safety Purpose System Agreement

Sanitary and Protection of Plants system Agreement

None of the above

7. refers to the use of scientific techniques, including genetic engineering, to improve or modify plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Hybridisation

Biopiracy

Biotechnology

Brown bagging

8. Which of these is not a step involved in plant tissue culture?

Initiation phase

Flowering phase

Multiplication phase

Root formation phase

9. Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 covers all of the following except

Asexually reproducing plants

Microorganisms

Plants used for ornamental purposes

Seeds

10. The focuses on exchange, purchase, sharing and other interactions involving seeds among farmer's communities.

Informal seed supply system

Formal seed supply system

Multiplication of seeds

Crop -improvement

11. Discuss the sui generis protection of plant varieties under the Agreement for Trade -Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

12. Write a note on Informal seed supply system in India.

13. What are the main features of the Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001

14. What does the term 'trade secrets' mean? Discuss the importance of trade secrets in plant variety protection.

15. Elaborate on farmers' rights under the Indian law.