1. How many criteria need to be satisfied for a plant variety .to be eligible for protection under the UPOV Act, 1978

Three

Four

Two

Five

2. In which of the following UPOV Acts, are the farmers not given the privilege to sell or exchange seeds with other farmers for propagating purposes

The UPOV Act, 1991

The UPOV Act, 1978

The UPOV Act, 1972

Both the UPOV Act, 1991 and the UPOV Act, 1978

3. What does the term 'disarticulation' mean

Improperly articulating one's ideas about plants

Separation of the seed from the seed head

Replanting the seeds

Harvesting the plant


4. Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court judgement held that 'living organisms' could be patented

Marbury vs Madison

Diamond vs Chakrabarty

Arizona vs U.S.

Van Staphorst vs Maryland

5. Which among the following are the reasons for plant genetic erosion

1. Giving priority only to small number of crops

2. Promoting hybridisation

3. High degree of ignorance of genetic resources

1 and 2 only

1,2 and 3

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only


6. The sum of all combinations of genes resulting from the evolution of plant species is called

Plant genetic resources

Gene mutation

Chromosomal aberration

Gene bank


7. Which among the following varieties can be registered under the PPVFR Act, 2001

1. New varieties

2. Extant varieties

3. Farmers' varieties

4. Essentially derived varieties

2,3 and 4 only

1,3 and 4 only

1 and 4 only

and 4

8. refers to the use of scientific techniques, including genetic engineering, to improve or modify plants, animals and micro-organisms.

Hybridisation

Biopiracy

Biotechnology

Brown bagging

9. Which of the following is not a variable involved in the informal seed supply system?

Community groups

Seed growers' associations

Plant variety associations

Farmer-to-farmer exchange

10. The maximum term of protection for trees and vines under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 is

18 years

20 years

15 years

28 years

11. Discuss and compare the formal and informal seed systems.

12. Discuss in detail the patenting trends in Biotechnology.

13. Discuss the need and relevance of International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Conventions.

14. How are plant genetic resources important for food security? Discuss.

15. Discuss the impact of plant variety IPRs on agricultural production.