1. "Difference between domestic and international logistics can be said to arise on account of three major factors." Elaborate on this statement, and enumerate the recent developments in international logistics.

2. Describe the limitations of conventional ships in loading of break-bulk cargo, and explain as to how containerisation help in overcoming these constraints.

Enumerate the salient features of commercial shipping.

Explain the concept of containerisation and state its limitations.

4. What are the three important concepts relevent to logistics management by an organisation? Explain these concepts and state as to which one you regard as the best approach and why?

5. Describe the responsiblities of ship owners and charterers under different forms of chartering arrangement.

Explain the concept of Multi-Model Transport and the liabilities of M.T.O under Multi-Model Transporatation of Goods Act.

Describe the role of Indian shipping as a net earner of foreign exchange.

7. Enumerate the common areas where frauds and disputes normally take place in international marine transactions and commercial shipping and state the precautions to be taken by international buyers and sellers to prevent the possibilities of such frauds.

8. Write explanatory notes on any two of the following:

Dredging Corporation of India

Conference System

Materials Requirement Planning

Productivity of Indian Ports