1. Discuss the classifications of surveying based on the

instruments used,

objective of survey, and

methods employed.

Explain the types and sources of errors in surveying.

A distance of 2000 m was measured with a 30 m chain. After the measurement, the chain was found to be 10 cm longer. It was found to be 15 cm longer after another 500 m was measured. If the length of the chain was correct before the measurement, determine the exact length of the whole measurement.

Write the differences between prismatic and surveyor's compasses.

Convert the following quadrantal bearings into whole circle bearings and find their back bearings:

N 67 S 31 E,N 26 W and S 43 W.

4. The following consecutive readings are taken with a level and a 4 m levelling staff, along continuously sloping line AB at a common interval of 20 m 0.385, 1.030, 1.925, 2.825, 0.625, 2.005, 3.110. The R.L. of the first point was 200.00 m. Calculate the R.L.s of each point by rise and fall method.

5. Enumerate the methods for Plane Table Surveying. Explain anyone method in detail with a suitable line diagram.

The following lengths and bearings were recorded in running a compass traverse ABCD. There are obstacles which prevent direct measurement of bearing and length of line AD.

<img src='./qimages/13184-6a.jpg'>

Calculate the length and.bearing of line AD.

Differentiate between Magnetic Bearing and True Bearing.

Explain the temporary adjustment of transit theodolite.

Define the following terms associated with theodolite survey:

Vertical axis

Horizontal axis

Trunnion axis

Face left observations

Axis of plate level tube

8. Write short notes on any two of the following:

Direct and Indirect Ranging

Reciprocal Levelling

Effects of Curvature and Refraction

9. Write short notes on any four of the following:

Fast Needle Method

Accessories for Compass Survey

Local Attraction

Field Book

Offsets

Correction for Temperature and Pull