Directions (Q. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given.
Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the
questions.

Today, emerging markets account for more than half of world GDP on the basis of purchasing
power, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In the 1990s, it was about a third. In
the late 1990s, 30% of countries in the developing world managed to increase their output per
person faster than America did, thus achieving what is calIed "catch-up growth". That catching
up was somewhat lackadaisical: the gap closed at just 1.5% a year. Some of this was due to
slower growth in America; most was not. The most impressive growth was in four of the biggest
emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs). These economies have grown in
different ways and for different reasons. The remarkable growth of emerging markets in general
and BRICs in particular transformed the global economy in many ways, some wrenching.

Commodity prices particularly soared and the cost of manufacture and labour sank. A growing
and vastly more accessible pool of labour in emerging economies played a part in both wage
stagnation and rising income inequality in rich ones. Global poverty rates tumbled. Gaping
economic imbalances fuelled an era of financial vulnerability and laid the groundwork for global
crisis. The shift towards the emerging economies will continue. But its most tumultuous phase
seems to have more or less reached its end. Growth rates have dropped. The nature of their
growth is in the process of changing, too and its new mode will have fewer direct effects on the
rest of the world. The likelihood of growth in other emerging economies having an effect in the
near future comparable to that of BRICs in the recent past is low. The emerging giants will grow
larger, and their ranks will swell but their tread will no longer shake the Earth as once it did.

After the 1990s there followed convergence with a vengeance. China's pivot towards
liberalisation and global markets came at a propitious time in terms of politics, business and
technology. Rich economies were feeling relaxed about globalisation and current account
deficits. America, booming and confident, was not troubled by the growth of Chinese industry or
by off-shoring jobs to India. And the technology etc necessary to assemble and maintain
complex supply chains were coming into their own, allowing firms to spread their operations
between countries and across oceans. The tumbling costs of shipping and communication
sparked globalisation "second unbundling" (the first was the simple ability to provide
consumers in one place with goods from another). As longer supply chains infiltrated and
connected places with large and fast-growing working-age populations, enormous quantities of
cheap new labour became accessible. Advanced economies added about 160m non-farm jobs
between 1980 and 2010. In 2007 China's economy expanded by an eye-popping 14.2%. India
managed 10.1 growth, Russia 8.5% and Brazil 6.1 The IMF now reckons there will be
slowdown in growth. China will grow by just 7.8% in 2013, India by 5.6% and Russia and Brazil
by 2.5%.

Other countries have impressive growth potential. The "Next 11" includes Bangladesh,
Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Turkey. But there are various reasons to think that this N11
cannot have an impact on the same scale as that of the BRICs. The first is that these economies
are smaller. The N11 has a population of just over 1.3 billion -less than half that of the BRICs.
The second is that the Nil is richer now than the BRICs were back in the day. The third reason
that the performance of the BRICs cannot be repeated is the very success of that performance.
The world economy is much larger than it used to be twice as big in real terms as it was in
1992, according to IMF figures. But whether or not the world can build on a remarkable era of
growth will depend in large part on whether the new giants tread a path towards greater global
co-operation or stumble, fall and, in times of tumult and in the worst case, fight.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a reason for the author's prediction
regarding N11 countries?

N11 countries are poorer, have less resources than BRIC countries and do not have much
scope to grow.
The size of these countries is too great to fuel a high rate of growth as expected by BRICs
countries.
The world economy is so large that the magnitude of growth from these countries will have
to be huge to equal the growth of BRICs.
These economies are agricultural and have not opened up their economies yet so their scope
of growth is greater than that of BRlCs.
Other than those given as options

2. What is the author's view of globalisation "second unbundling"?

It-proved beneficial since it created a large number of jobs and tremendous growth in cross-
border trade.
It disturbed the fragile balance of power among BRIC nations and caused internal strife.
It caused untold damage to America's economy since it restricted the spread of American
farms off-shore.
It proved most beneficial for the agricultural sector, creating huge employment opportunities.
Citizens in advanced countries became much better off than those in emerging economies.

3. Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word TUMBLING
given in bold as used in the passage.

jumbling
confusing
reducing
dilapidated
hurrying

4. What do the comparative statistics of 2007 and 2013 for BRICs countries published by,
the IMF as cited in the passage indicate?

BRIC economies will contribute less to global growth.
As the population of these countries grows, its growth rate is filling.
The financial practices followed by these countries will continue to pay rich dividends.
These countries are creating global financial imbalances to the detriment of smaller
developing economies like Africa.
IMF forecasts of growth rate for these countries have not been fulfilled.

5. What effect did rising economies of BRICs have on the global economy?

It helped stabilise the global economy and insulate it from the fallout of the global financial
crisis.
Labour became more highly skilled and wages were alarmingly increased, reducing the off-
shoring of jobs to developing countries.
Though worldwide poverty rates tumbled, the gap between the rich and the poor in rich
economies increased.
The cost of living and level of inflation in these countries were maintained at low levels.
All the given options are effects of the rise in BRIC economies.

6. What does the phrase "Their ranks will swell but their tread will no longer shake the Earth as it once did" convey in the context of the passage?

While many countries will try and achieve the same rate of growth as BRICs they will not
succeed.
The growth of BRIC countries has changed the world's economy in ways that any further
growth will not have such a disruptive effect on the world economy.
Developing countries have strengthened their fiscal systems in such a way that they will not
be shaken to such a great extent again
Poverty may increase as the gap between the rich and the poor increase but it will never reach
the same leves as prior to the crisis.
Citizens in advanced countries became much better off than those in emerging economies.

7. Which of the following best describes catch-up growth?

Emerging economies tried but failed to catch up with America, which always grew at a
higher growth rate.
The size of emerging economies and their purchasing power has caught up with and now
exceeds the rich countries together.
The growth of the American economy determines the growth of emerging economies.
From the later half of 1990s onwards emerging economies outdid America in terms of output
per person.
None of the given statements describes catch up growth.'

8. Which of the following can be said about convergence with a vengeance?

After the 1990s advanced economies like America were open to the idea of free trade and
globalisation.
There were huge technology advances which were conducive to allowing businesses to
spread their area of operations.
Rich economies felt threatened by the competition from China.

Only
Only
Only(C)
Only and
Only and

9. Choose the word which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the word EXPANDED given in bold
as used in the passage.

widened
pressured
delayed
shrunk
frightened

10. What is the author's main objective in writing the passage?

To urge emerging economies to deal with growth, which can be disruptive, maturely and
without conflict
To point out that while the period of growth of BRICs was disruptive this disruption has
almost come to a close.
To criticise advanced economies for their handling of growth and promoting competition and
conflict in certain regions

Only and
Only
Only(C)
All and
Only and

Directions (Q. Which of the phrases given against the sentence should replace the
word/phrase given in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is
correct as it is given and no correction is required, markeS), ie (No correction required), as the
answer.

111. Top managers are often stymied by the difficult of managing conflict.

difficulties of managing
difficulty for managing
difficulty for management
difficult of management
No correction required

12. Reaching collective decisions based on individual preferences is an imperfect science.

based for
based
in based in
No correction required

13. Hollywood bare escaped being totally sidelined by the rise of television.

bare escapism
barely escapism
bare escapes
barely escaped
No correction required

14. Taking good decisions and implement those quickly are the hallmarks of high-
performing organisations.

implementation quickly
implementing quick
implementing these quickly
quick implementing those
No correction required

15. Innovation have always been the top corporate agenda.

has always
had being
has always been
always been
No correction required

Directions (Q. Rearrange the six sentences denoted by E and F to make
meaningful seven- sentence paragraph together with the first sentence marked as no. 1 and then
answer the given questions,

So how is global competition changing companies?

For example, a group with a Europe-wide pay freeze may have to be flexible enough to
authorise salary increases to specialists and managers in developing countries, who are still able
to jump ship for a better offer.
Second, the emerging-market companies as well as established multinationals are rivals,
there is no way these can be Ignored.
First, businesses are having to respond faster than before to pay changes.
A case in point today is Africa, where rapid growth in key countries, notably Nigeria, has
persuaded many business people that the continent's time may finally have arrived.

The sight of well-paid expatriate foreign managers inspires the local Indian executives to ask
for more and employers have to respond.
So such countries where people move easily like India are seeing executive pay rising
rapidly.

16. Which of the following should be the LAST (SEVENTH) sentence after the
rearrangement?

F
E
D
C
B

17. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after the rearrangement?

A
B
C
D
F

18. Which of the following should he the FIFTH sentence after the rearrangement?

A
B
C
E
F

19. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after the rearrangement?

A
B
C
E
F

20. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after the rearrangement?

A
B
C
D
E

Directions (Q. Read the folloWir;tg passage carefully and answer the given questions,
Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the
questions.

The new economy has ushered in great business opportunities-and great turmoil. Most traditional
organisations have accepted, in theory at least, that they must either change or die. Even giants
such as eBay, Amazon.com, and America Online recognise that they need to manage the changes
associated with rapid entrepreneurial growth. Despite some individual successes, however,
change remains difficult to pull off, and few companies manage the process as well as they
would like. Most of their initiatives-installing new technology, downsizing, restructuring, or
trying to change corporate culture—have had low success rates. The brutal fact is that about 70%
of all change initiatives fail.

In our experience, the reason for most of those failures is that in their rush to change their
organisations, managers end up immersing themselves in an alphabet soup of initiatives. They
lose focus and become mesmerised by all the advice available in print and online about why
companies should change, what they should try to accomplish, and how they should do it. This
proliferation of recommendations often leads to muddle when change is attempted. The result is
that most change efforts exert a heavy toll, both human and economic. To improve the odds of
success, and to reduce the human carnage, it is imperative that executives understand the nature
and process of corporate change much better. But even that is not enough. Leaders need to crack
the code of change.
For more than 40 years now, we have been studying the nature of corporate change. And
although every business's change initiative is unique, our research suggests there are two
archetypes, or theories, of change. These archetypes are based on very different and often
unconscious assumptions by senior executives-and the consultants and academics who advise
them-about why and how changes should be made. Theory E is change based on economic
value. Theory O is change based on organisational capability. Both are valid models; each theory
of change acliieves some of management's goals, either explicitly or implicitly. But each theory
also has its costs often unexpected ones.

Theory E change strategies are the ones that make all the headlines. In this "hard" approach to
change, shareholder value is the only legitimate measure of corporate success. Change usually
involves heavy use of economic incentives, drastic layoffs, downsizing, and restructuring. E
change strategies are more common than O change strategies among companies in the United
States, where financial markets push corporate boards for rapid turnarounds. For instance, when
WilliamAAnders was brought in as CEO of General Dynamics in 1991, his goal was to
maximise economic value-however painful the remedies might be. Over the next three years,
Anders reduced the workforce by 71,000 people 44,000 through the divestiture of seven
businesses and 27,000 through layoffs and attrition. Anders employed common E strategies.

Managers who subscribe to Theory O believe that if they were to focus exclusively on the price
of their stock, they might harm their organisations. In this "soft" approach to change, the goal is
to develop corporate culture and human capability through individual and organisational
learning-the process of changing, obtaining feedback, reflecting, and making further changes. US
companies that adopt O strategies, as Hewlett-Packard did when its performance flagged in the

1980s, typically have strong, long-held, commitment-based psychological contracts with their
employees.
Managers at these companies are likely to see the risks in breaking those contracts. Because they
place a high value on employee commitment, Asian and European businesses are also more
likely to adopt an O strategy to change.

Few companies subscribe to just one theory. Most companies we have studied have used a mix
of both. But all too often, managers try to apply theories E and O in tandem without resolving the
inherent tensions between them. This impulse to combine the strategies is directionally correct,
but theories E and O are so different that it's hard to manage them simultaneously-employees
distrust leaders who alternate between nurturing and cutthroat corporate behaviour. Our research
suggests, however, that there is a way to resolve the tension so that businesses can satisfy their
shareholders while building viable institutions. Companies that effectively combine hard and soft
approaches to change can reap big payoffs in profitability and productivity.

21. Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word
LEGITIMATE as used in the passage?

legal
criminal
sensitive
invalid
regular

22. Which of the following statements is TRUE in the context of the passage?

Theory E strategies are more likely to be popular among organisations of Asian countries.
Quite often, organisations opt for either of the two theories of organisational change
suggested by the author.
Theory E change strategies focus more on maximising economic worth of an organisation.
The theories of change mentioned by the author are based on tested methods.
None of the given statements is true.

23. The author in the given passage focuses on the following EXCEPT

change not as easy as it appears
how to increase protability through organisational change
bringing about successful organisational change
hindrances in the process of organisational change
theories explaining the dynamics of organisational change

24. In the context of the passage, which of the following could possibly be an effect(s) of
adopting Theory on employees for bringing about organisational change?

Employees become more attached with the organisation
Insecurity among employees
Improved morale of employees
Employees resorting to malicious methods to get faster promotions
All those given as options

25. According to the author, for organisational change to be successful

executives must focus on understanding the process of change.
organisations must be willing to excuse those involved in the change process, in case it is
unsuccessful.
organisations must be willing to spend generously during the process.
those involved in the change process must be given specialised training.
None of the given options

26. As mentioned in the passage, despite best effects, many organisations fail to bring about
a change because

they lose track of important information between the huge amount of information available
to them.
they rarely change the roles assigned to employees throughout the change process.
they tend to depend on a consultant, an outsider, who barely knows the culture of the
organisation.

Only
Only
Only
Both and
Both and

27. Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word
'IMMERSING' as used in the passage?

engrossing
fascinating
ignoring
saving
holding

28. Which of the following is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning as the word
'IMPERATIVE' as used in the passage?

optional
mandatory
significant
slight
binding

29. In the author's view the best way to bring about organisational change is a blend of
Theory E and O and this can be achieved through

educating employees on the benefits of employing these theories.
creating a specialised team of employees, thorough with these theories, for bringing about
change
motivating employees
modelling successful change process of organisations that employed one of these theories.
Other than those given as options

30. Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word UNCONSCIOUS as used in the passage?

comatose
automatic
distracted
false
international

Directions (Q. In the following passage, there are blanks each of which has been
numbered. For each blank five words have been suggested, one of which fits the blank
appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

WHO estimates that, within the next few years, non-communicable diseases will become the
principal global of morbidity and mortality. The role of diet in the diagnosis of most non-
communicable diseases is well The shift torwards highly refined foods and towards meat
and dairy products containing high levels of saturated fats, now increasingly in middle-
income and lower- income countries, have, together with reduced energy contributed to
rises in the of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Because of the global extent of the
epidemic, the advantages of promoting healthy diets and preventing overnutrition should be
explored.

The prohibitive costs of treating the consequences of overnutrition require that increased
attention be given to preventive measures. Parallels exist between these requirements and the
initiatives taken to control tobacco consumption, from which important can be learnt,
especially with respect to the use of international legal instruments. However, because some of
the largest multinational companies are heavily involved in the creation and marketing of
unhealthy foods, the control of these activites 'presents a challenge. There is a growing
that prevention demands public health actions at both the national and global levels, ranging
from more health education to improved food labelling and controls on the marketing of certain
foods and soft drinks. This will require innovative and committed by all

31. session effect result causes trouble

32. document established aware timed proportioned

33. appeared presenting evident prevalence existed

34. cost expenditure intake savings expansion

35. incidence happening commonality occasion expulsion

36. tutorials lessons practice point habits

37. formidable pretentious alarming enormous solution

38. need demand association credit recognition

39. amalgamation joining knowledge collaboration information

40. party population politicians segmentations concerned



Answers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.