1. Write notes on the following

Minor Phyla

Scales in bony fishes

Primates

Spicules in Porifera

Shell diversity in Mollusca


2.
What are coral reefs? Write about different types of coral reefs and various theories of coral reef formation.

Give an account of larval forms in Crustacea giving suitable examples and diagrams. Add a note on the significance of larvae.

Discuss parasitic adaptations of Platyhelminthes.


3.
Discuss that Sphenodon is the most primitive and crocodilians are the most advanced of all living reptiles.

Describe parental care in Amphibia giving suitable examples.

Explain primitive, degenerate and advanced characters of Branchiostoma.


4.
Give an account of gills and accessory respiratory organs in vertebrates with suitable drawings.

Describe flight adaptations in birds.

Give an account of nutrition in Protozoa with suitable examples.



5. Write notes on the following

Biosphere

Carp culture

Navigation

Null hypothesis

scintillation counter



6.
Explain the causes and consequences of water pollution. Suggest measures for abatement of water pollution.

Differentiate between infectious and communicable diseases. Write briefly about major communicable diseases.

Write about SEM indicating its principle and applications in zoology.


7.
Explain one-way and two-way analysis of variance and comment on its application.
Discuss the role of learning, instinct and habituation in animal behaviour.

Give an account of prawn culture indicating important cultivable species.


8.
Define population. Outline salient population characteristics and add a note on population stabilization.

Differentiate between spectrophotometry and flame photometry. Elaborate the principles and applications of flame photometry.

Explain the role of pheromones in alarm spreading.