1.
Enumerate a comparative account of different functions of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Explain ABO blood groups with its genetic basis and significance in blood transfusion.

Discuss Hardy-Weinberg law and its application in evolution.

Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health.

Explain the key features of Oriental region with its sub-regions. Add a note the faunistic distribution of the region.

2.
Describe' the role of microtubules in chromosome movement during cell division.

Give an account of Human Genome Project.

Explain the salient features in the 'theory of natural selection'. Add a special comment on 'synthetic theory of evolution'.

3.
Explain the mechanism of transport of small and large molecules across plasma membrane.

Discuss the applications of recombinant technology in human health.

What is biodiversity? Give an account of the impact of climate change on biodiversity.Add a note on Hot Spots in India.

4.
Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the
process of variation on evolution.

Explain pedigree analysis to illustrate hereditary disease with suitable
examples.

Explain the structure and functions of lysosome.

5.
Describe the structure of rods and cones in retina, and discuss their role in vision.

Give the structural formula of an amino acid and show how a peptide bond
formation occurs. Also explain how amino acids differ from each other.

Discuss the mechanism involved in the survival of estuarine animals in varying salinities.

Enumerate the clinical applications of stem cells.

What is neoteny? How does it occur? Explain this phenomenon with suitable
examples.

6.
Explain in brief about the synthesis and functions of steroid and peptide
hormones.

Discuss that TCA cycle is the central pathway in the energy metabolism of a
cell.

Explain the term and structural details of placenta in a eutherian mammal.
Add a note on its significant role in pregnancy.

7.
Explain the functions of coenzymes with suitable examples.

Explain the fate map of frog with a neat labelled diagram. Write a note on its contribution in understanding cell lineage and development process.

Describe the sequence of stages during synaptic transmission with
acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.

8.
Elucidate the importance of thermoregulation with reference to its relationship with homeostasis in endothermic animals.

Give the classification of immunoglobulins and state their functions. Draw a
labelled diagram of IgM.

What is the composition of semen? Explain briefly about in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm