1. .Translatethefollowingpassageinto Odia: 25 When ecologists talk about ecosystems or native ecosystems, they are talking aboutabig topic. The topic addresses the essence of the natural world out how it works. Native
ecosystems are ecosystems that function with their original parts intact. The natural biological, chemical, and physical
processes that resulted in Earth's riclJ biocliyersity are; however, under threat from myria(j mental problems such ashabitat fragmentation, ozone depletion, development, pollution, non­native species, and damming of rivers (just to nameafew I).Alteringtheprocessesthatresulted in the vast and magical diversity of life has had
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..

direct negative impactsonthe plants, animals and microorganismsthatdepend onthese processes.. The links of these .biological and ",,­physical parts are, therefore, being s!lvered one by one and eventually the system a whole
. (ecosystem) begins to suffer. a pClm on a river might not seem like a bigeyel1! it] the geological history of the Earth" . fundamentally change the entire riverine ecosystem and negatively impact theaguatic organisms both.upstream and downstream of
where it is located. Small and large changes to

the native ecosystem add up
result in the decline or extinction of certain
species.

2. Translate the following into English:,· 25

3..• Write an essay in about 1500 words on anyone . ofthefollowing: 50

Electoral Reforms


Women's Empowerment


PreservingMonuments


Begging Public Nuisance


An Unforgettable Train Journey


XE-1/4 (Turnover) place to grow and expand and make room for ·more. Someone who spel']ds a Summer in New York City can be touched and transformed by it
4. Make a precis ofthe following passage and give
a suitable title: 25
In small suburban towns, experiences are more
uniform and in most cases, more dull. Everyone
in shopping at the same shops, seeing the same
people and visiting the same businesses -.often
for years on end. Little changes and, ifyou want
it, you can have similar experiences and Iives.as
your parents and grandparents. But in a city or a
neighbourhood that is growing, changing and developing, there is a spectrum of experiences.
Andthese are the very places that attract travellers
and wanderers and therefore allow and force the

·asmuch asthelifelong NewYorker. Withcertain experiences, for better or for worse, 24 hours spent in Mumbai with you as much as 24 years in the city.
There are the ·places that you long to visit and
. ,.. ·revisit. There are the places-that inspire you. The places where time rushes past while also staying still. The places, like Bandra, where there is a
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street by the sea on which undertakers continue to make and sell their coffins, A neighbourhood where you can stop to admire the old bungalows that family feuds have prevented from demolition and step into the ones that have been repurposed into trendy cafes or music studios with polished int!lriors and good lighting. The places that are constantly in flux but where you have the options to pick your own form of nostalgia. Mumbai shares many of these qualities. Mumbai welcomes (almost) everyone. There is space for many lives and many experiences and that is what makes the city pulse with energy. And, if you are a writer, there are so many impressions to choose from,to explore and expand.
5. Read the following passage and· answer the questions that follow: 5x5 =25 Mass protests have, historically, been used by the truly powerless. But beginning with the Jessica Lall verdict, there's a change in the profile of protestor and in the nature of the protesfilself, . Aided by media,it is now the middle class that is leading thecharge. It is spring again for protests
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laced with the spirit of civil disobedience, or so it would seem. The recent success of the Anna Hazare-Ied movement has given rise to many hopes that the citizen does not have to wait outside the doorstep of a moribund political system, hoping for a few scraps of responsible . governance to fall its way. Direct action is possible and can force the political machinery to move even if it does so with an air ofcreaky reluctance. The combination ofa leaderwho appears tostand
f
outside the usual categories of politics and ideology, and a middle class hungry to find anyone they can trustwith the responsibility ofleading the charge on the issue of corruption, has found vociferous support in an actjvist media, eager to find causes dear to its constituency. Together, this unlikelycoalition ofdisaffection hasdeliveredwhat looks like a major victory for the citizen...•.
The desire to directly influence the state into
. taking specific action is a growing strand of behaviour among the educated middle class. Usually this has taken the form of taking up specific causes that directly involve the middle
. classes -issues like the Jessica Lall murder and XE Gontd.
the Ruchika verdict. Following the 26/11 carnage, the desire intensified and took the form of organised protests and attempts to petition the government directly and aggressively. Aided by media that sees every cause as a m'arketing opportunity, the movement has got bigger, more focussed and louder. The leadership of Anna Hazara gives it an added depth of legitimacy by giving it a touch of Gandhian authenticity.
The alienation ofthe middle class today and its'perception of itself as the victim is a product of many variables. The rise of consumerism has created the citizen-consumer, a class that sees thetaxes itpaysasadown-paymenton reciprocal services to be provided by the state in the form of governance that is of specific use to the payer. The'sense of entitlement is more pronounced, and the rise ofthe corporate sector in the public
..
.coOsciousness has created a new vocabulary of accountability mirroring what is seen in the world business, The central role that money plays in all the sectors of our life,combinedwith its ability to place a material value on everything, helps corruption from both the sides, At one level, it
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translates all power into assets that can be
leveraged and makes its use in extracting rent

I
seem almost legitimate. The secular language of business makes it easier to see corruption in j terms of demand and supply and look upon it as atransaction where both sides win. It accelerates
I
-access to services ina transparently predictable j Way; a bribe becomes the price of entry. This is true in the world of politics and business, where corruption gets treated matter-of-factly. indistinguishable from other normal transactions.

What is the change that has happened in the
nature of mass protests?



In what way has the Anna Hazare-Ied
movementchannelized the disaffection ofthe
middle class?



1
What is the role of the media in the I organization of mass protests?

-How has the rise of consumerism moulded
the behaviorof the middle class?



What is the writer's view on corruption?



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