ROUGH WORK

1. Deductive logic deals with arguments that are

right or wrong true or false


valid or invalid sound or unsound


2. To determine the truth or falsehood of premises is the task of

inductive logic critical inquiry


deductive logic scientific inquiry


3. In an invalid argument the

premises are true and the conclusion is true


premises are false and the conclusion is true


premises are true and the conclusion is false


premises are false and the conclusion is false


4. In a deductive argument the premises provide

some conclusive grounds for the conclusion


absolute conclusive grounds for the conclusion


no conclusive grounds for the conclusion


none of the above


5. A proposition differs from a declarative sentence in that

different sentences can be uttered in different contexts to assert different propositions


the same sentence can be uttered in different contexts to assert different propositions


the same sentence can be uttered in different contexts to assert the same proposition


all of the above


6. The truth value of a conjunction of two statements

is completely determined by the truth value of its conjuncts


is partially determined by the truth value of its conjuncts


is never determined by the truth value of its conjuncts


none of the above


7. In a truth-functional compound statement

The truth value of all of its components is true


The truth value of all of its components is false


The truth value of the statement is determined on the basis of the truth value of its component statements


None of the above


8. A disjunctive statement is false when

All its disjuncts are true All its disjuncts are false


One of its disjuncts is true One of its disjuncts is false


9. Two statements are materially equal

when they are connected by the symbol and have the same truth value


when they are connected by the symbol have the same truth value


when they are connected by the symbol and have the same truth value


when they are connected by the symbol and have the same truth value


10. Any argument is proved to be invalid if there is

another argument of exactly the same form with true premises and false conclusion


another argument of exactly the same form with false premises and false conclusion


another argument of exactly the same form with true premises and true conclusion


another argument of the exactly same form with false premises and true conclusion


11. In the fallacy of the undistributed middle, the middle term is

Distributed in the conclusion Distributed in either of the premises


Not distributed in either of the premises None of the above


12. In the fallacy of illicit major, the major term is distributed in the

conclusion and the premises conclusion but not in the premises


premises but not in the conclusion in neither the premises nor the conclusion


13. Two negative premises in a syllogism entails

formal fallacy informal fallacy


relational fallacy absolute fallacy


14. Many informal fallacies arise due to

precision and definiteness in expression


vagueness or ambiguity in expression


precision in logical form


none of the above


15. To argue for something other than what is to be proved

is a fallacy of ignoratio elenchi


is inductive reasoning


is deductive reasoning


is a fallacy of petitio principii


16. To argue that a particular event/action will initiate a further chain of events/actions that culminate in an undesirable event/action is a fallacy of

illicit minor slippery slope


red herring post hoc ergo propter hoc


17. Syllogistic logic requires

Universal and particular propositions Singular and universal propositions


Singular and particular propositions Singular and indefinite propositions


18. In the square of opposition upheld by syllogistic logic, a contradiction holds between

Universal affirmation and universal denial


Particular affirmation and particular denial


Particular affirmation and universal denial

Universal affirmation and particular denial


and and


and and


19. (p . q)·(r . p . r Therefore, q . s The above expresses the following rule of inference

Hypothetical Syllogism Disjunctive Syllogism


Destructive Dilemma Constructive Dilemma


20. If A is predicated of all B and B is predicated of all then A is predicated of all C.

The above syllogism has the form Barbara


The above syllogism has the form Darii


The above syllogism has the form Celarent


The above syllogism has the form Ferio


21. Which of the following propositions are there in syllogistic logic

Quantified Propositions Relational propositions


Subject predicate propositions None of the above


22. If p then q Therefore, The above expresses

Modus ponens Modus tollens


Hypothetical syllogism Disjunctive syllogism


23. A conditional statement is expressed by the symbol

and is false when its premise is false and conclusion false


and is false when its premise is true and conclusion true


is false when its premise is false and conclusion true


and is false when its premise is true and conclusion false


24. P Therefore, p . q The above expresses the following rule of inference

Simplication Addition


Constructive Dilemma Destructive Dilemma


25. . . The above expresses the following rule of replacement

Double Negation Material Implication


De Morgan's Theorems Material Equivalence


26. p . q Therefore, q. The above expresses the following rule of inference

Constructive Dilemma Destructive Dilemma


Disjunctive Syllogism Hypothetical Syllogism


27. The above expresses the following rule of replacement

Commutation Double negation


Conjunction Exportation


28. p . p The above expresses the following rule of replacement

Tautology Transportation


Material implication Material Equivalence


29. [p . . . . The above expresses the following rule of replacement

Distribution Association


Commutation Transportation


30. Everything is mortal can be symbolized as

Mx Mx


Mx Mx


31. The doctrine of karma is not accepted by

Ca¯ rva¯ ka school Jaina school


Buddhist school Vedanta school


32. Those actions (karma) that one is regularly obligated to perform are

nitya naimittika


sancita kriyama¯na


33. Actions that are prohibited are

pra¯ rabdha sancita


nisiddha ka¯mya


34. The karma doctrine upholds that

human existence is rooted in past actions


human existence is uprooted from past actions


human existence is both rooted in and uprooted from past actions


human existence is neither rooted in nor uprooted from past actions


35. The Gita¯ maintains that

one is rid of the bondage of karma by performing nishka¯ma karma


one is rid of the bondage of karma by not performing nishka¯ ma karma


one is tied of the bondage of karma by performing nishka¯ ma karma


one is tied of the bondage of karma by not performing nishka¯ma karma


36. Which of the following is not included in the meaning of Svadharma

one's varna dharma one's psychological makeup


one's self-nature one's own religion


37. Sa¯ma¯nya dharma means

moral duties that are discharged irrespective of varna


moral duties that are discharged with respect to varna


moral duties that are discharged with respect to a¯s´rama


moral duties that are discharged with respect to svabha¯ va


38. Ahimsa¯ satya, asteya and aparigraha are

sa¯ma¯nya dharma svadharma


varna¯s´rama dharma akarma


39. Dharma is a

prescriptive term descriptive term


logical term aesthetic term


40. Ashrama dharma are obligations

in accordance with varna


irrespective of varna


in accordance with different stages of life


none of the above


41. Dharma means

Religion Sect


Duty None of the above


42. Ca¯ rva¯ ka ethics accepts

moks.a ka¯ma


Vedas Upanisads


43. Ahimsa¯ (abstention from all kinds of injury), satya (truthfulness), asteya (non-stealing), brahmaca¯rya (control of desires) and aparigraha (non-possesiveness) are a part of

Vratas of Jainism S´¯ilas of Buddhism


Yamas of Yoga All of the above


44. According to Buddhism and Jainism, morality

is a means to liberation is the end of liberation


is the means and end of liberation is neither the means to nor the end of liberation


45. Dharma aims at

preservation of the social order destruction of the social order


revolution against the social order neglect of the social order


46. In Yoga philosophy niyama is the

practice of moral restraint practice of good habits


practice of physical restraint practice of regulation of breath


47. According to Yoga, bondage is caused by the self's

identity with action identity with mental modifications


identity with pleasure identity with pain


48. Which of the following believe in God's existence

Nyaya philosophy Sa¯nkhya philosophy


Jaina philosophy Buddhist philosophy


49. Which of the following is guna in Sankhya philosophy

Sattva Rajas


Tamas All of the above


50. According to Yoga, the world evolves through the

association of the independent principles of purus.a and prakriti


dissociation of the independent principles of purs.a and prakriti


Both and


Neither nor


51. Advaita Vedanta can be attributed to

Madhva Vallabha


S´an.kara Ramanuja


52. For Ca¯rva¯kas, the source of knowledge is

perception inference


testimony authority


53. Ca¯rva¯ka philosophy believes that the world is composed of

Air fire water and earth (ks.iti)


Ether (a¯ka¯s´a), fire water and earth (ks.iti)


Ether ka¯ air (va¯ water and earth (ks.iti)


Ether (a¯ka¯s´a), air fire (agni) and water


54. The Ca¯ rva¯ ka school

rejects liberation (moks.a)as an impossible ideal


accepts liberation (moks.a) as a possible ideal


doubts liberation (moks.a) as an impossible ideal


None of the above


55. The soul is rejected by

Ca¯ rva¯ kas Jainas


Both and Vedantins


56. Who of the following was believed to be a Ca¯rva¯ka thinker

Jaimini Kapila


Jayara¯s.i Va¯tsa¯yana


57. Mimamsa formulates the theory of potential energy of s´akti

as a causal explanation as a logical explanation


as an aesthetic explanation None of the above


58. Anaeka¯ntava¯da of Jainism believes that reality has

many aspects dual aspects


triple aspects one aspect


59. Which of the following argument is not advocated by Nya¯ya to prove God's existence

The Causal Argument


The Argument from Scriptural authority


The Argument from Adr.s.t.a (good and bad deeds)


The Ontological Argument


60. Which of the following is accepted by Nya¯ya philosophy

Perception Inference


Comparison All of the above


61. Sa¯ n.kya philosophy advocates

Satka¯ryava¯da Asatka¯ryava¯da


Prati¯tyasamudpa¯da Asotkaranavada


62. According to Sa¯n.khya, the material cause of the world is

consciousness prakriti


God none of the above


63. Which of the following is not a cardinal virtue

Justice Temperance


Courage Piety


64. According to Aristotle, happiness is the highest activity in accordance with

Emotion Virtue


Reason Instinct


65. Socrates believes that virtue is

Knowledge Emotions


Reason None of the above


66. 'Virtue is habit' This was held by

Epicurus Empiricus


Socrates Aristotle


67. According to Plato

one could knowingly do a wrong one could never do a wrong knowingly


one could willingly do a wrong one could unwillingly do a wrong


68. The hedonistic calculus was offered by

Sidgwick Bentham


Mill Paley


69. Mill's utilitarianism has room for

both qualitative and quantitive pleasure


qualitative pleasure


bodily pleasure


neither qualitative nor quantitive pleasure


70. Hedonistic calculus believes that the goodness or badness of a consequence depends upon its

Pleasantness Rationality


Aesthetics logic


71. Deontological ethics believes that an action can be right or wrong

only with respect to its consequences


with respect to its form and motive


both with respect to and apart from its consequences


none of the above


72. The greatest happiness of the greatest numbers is the

principle of utility categorical imperative


principle of justice hypothetical imperative


73. Determinism is the view that for everything that happens

there are conditions such that nothing else could happen


there are conditions such that everything else could happen


there are conditions such that something else could happen


none of the above


74. Those who believe in the principle of free-will are

determinists fatalists


voluntarists rationalists


75. Teleological moral judgements

take the action alone into account


take the consequence of the action alone into account


take both the action and its consequence into account


take neither the action nor its consequence into account


76. According to Kant, a moral judgement is capable of being

universally applicable


individually applicable


neither universally nor individually applicable


none of the above


77. A moral command, according to Kant is

unconditional hypothetical


logical emotional


78. According to emotivists moral propositions are

neither true nor false either true or false


true false


79. Ayer believes that moral propositions

are emotive are logical


are rational are scientific


80. Retributivist theory of punishment does not believe that

punishment of a crime is right because of its intrinsic value


punishment of a crime is right because of its consequences


punishment of a crime is right because it is just


punishment of crime is right because the guilty should suffer


81. The reformist theory of punishment focuses on

utility justice


deterrence rehabilitation


82. The utilitarian approach allows punishment only in so far as

It excludes a greater evil It includes a greater evil


It includes justice It excludes justice


83. 'Man is the measure of all things' This was upheld by

Pythagoras Protagoras


Parmenides Plato


84. The Sophists practiced

conviction by reasoning persuasion by rhetoric


persuasion through dialogue all of the above


85. Socrates believed that

virtue can be taught virtue cannot be taught


it s impossible to be virtuous none of the above


86. According to Plato, justice is not a harmony of

wisdom, courage, temperance reason, spirit and appetite


rulers, guards and laborers rulers, guards and the principle of might


87. Plato's philosopher king primarily represents the following virtue

wisdom courage


temperance submissiveness


88. Aristotle terms the highest form of happiness as

Eudaimonism Phronesis


Daikosune Episteme


89. According to Plato the soul has following aspects

reason, spirits and appetites reason and spirit only


spirit and appetite only reason and appetite only


90. Rule utilitarianism was upheld by

Kant Hume


Mill Locke


91. Thales believed that the fundamental principle of the universe is

apeiron air


water logos


92. Heraclitus believed that

everything is in a state of flux nothing is in a state of flux


some things are in a state of flux none of the above


93. According to Democritus, the universe is made of indivisible atoms which are

related mechanically related by love and strife


related by logos related by nous


94. The theory of four-fold causation was advocated by

Aristotle Plotinus


Socrates Plato


95. Which of the following is upheld by Plato

Empiricism Psycho-physical interactionism


Monadology Theory of Ideas


96. Aristotle views knowledge as a process that moves from

sense experience to insight to essence insight to sense experience to essence


essence to insight to sense experience sense experience to essence to insight


97. Spinoza upheld the

natura naturans res extensa


res cogitans tabula rasa


98. According to Descartes, matter is

conscious and extended not conscious but extended


neither conscious nor extended either conscious or extended


99. Leibniz believed that out of all the possible worlds, this world is the

best worst


neither the best nor the worst both the best and the worst


100. Which of the following cannot be applied to Spinoza's view of substance

God Absolute


Self-caused Created


101. According to Spinoza, substance has

infinite attributes two attributes


finite attributes one attribute


102. Rationalists believe that the only source of knowledge is

only reason sense-experience


revelation intuition


103. According to Locke, all knowledge

originates in experience


ends in experience


neither originates nor ends in experience


both originates and ends in experience


104. Hume believed that a causal relation is a

contingent association of events necessary association of events


substantive association of events non-substantive association of events


105. The Nya¯ya system gives knowledge of reality

for the sake of art for the sake of individual liberation


for the sake of science for the sake of metaphysics


106. According to Sa¯n.khya, rajas is

the principle of activity the principle of pleasure


the principle of passivity the principle of negativity


107. Vais´esika philosophy recognizes

16 pada¯ rthas 7 pada¯ rthas


18 pada¯ rthas 5 pada¯ rthas


108.
Vais´esika divides all objects denoted by words into

109.
According to Samkhya the three gunas in unmanifested Prakriti are in constant


conflict cooperation


transformation equilibrium



110.
According to S ´an.kara, the one Brahman multiplies into many selves because of


ma¯ya¯ and avidya¯ ma¯ya¯ and vidya¯


ma¯ ya¯ and s´abda none of the above



111.
According to Ra¯ ma¯ nuja, between self and God


there is identity and difference there is identity without difference


there is no identity but only difference there is either identity or difference



112.
According to Ra¯ma¯nuja the manifold world is


created by God's gracious will preserved by God's gracious will


dissolved by God's gracious will none of the above



113.
The essence of the self according to S´an.kara is


pure existence, consciousness and bliss


pure intellect and bliss


pure reason and bliss


pure passions and bliss



114.
According to Mima¯msa philosophy, the world is


neither created nor destroyed either created or destroyed


both created and destroyed created but not destroyed



115.
Which of the following are some of the sources of knowledge according to Mima¯msa


Inference (anuma¯na) Comparison (upama¯na)


Testimony (s´abda) All of the above



116.
Mima¯msa philosophy is not


pluralistic realistic


Vedic idealistic



117.
In Sa¯n.khya, jivanmukti is


emancipation of the soul while living in the body


emancipation of the body while living in the soul


emancipation of the soul and the body


emancipation of neither the soul nor the body



118.
Sa¯n.khya philosophy can be called


idealist non-realism dualistic realism


materialistic realism pluralistic realism



119.
Which of the following schools offer arguments for the existence of God


Sa¯n.khya Buddhist


Jaina Nya¯ya



120.
Vais´esika system was founded by


being (bha¯ va) and non-being (abha¯ va)
scriptural (vaidika) and secular (laukika)
ordinary (laukika) and alaukika (extraordinary)
none of the above

¯

S´abarasva¯mi(B) Kana¯da


Kapila Maha¯vira


ROUGH WORK

ROUGH WORK