1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 250 words each: 20x3=60
a. Describe structure of DNA.How DNA differs from RNA.
b. Describe different types ofRNA with special reference to their role in Protein Synthesis
c. Describe structure ofNucleus in a Eukaryotic cell.
d. Write a brief note on cytoplasmic inheritance
e. Describe biochemical and molecular basis of Mutation.

2. Write critical notes on the following:
a. Describe the process of translation of genetic code to form proteins.
b. What is micro propagation and how it can be used in multiplication of desirable plants for farming.
c. How transgenic plants can be used for crop improvement. What is the future of transgenic plants?
d. Describe the somatic hybrids. Discuss their role in crop improvement.
e. Explain standard deviation taking example from an agricultural field.



3. Answer the following:


a. What do you understand by recombinant DNA technology? What are it prospects in crop improvement programs?
b. What are genomic libraries and how they can be prepared?
c. Write a note on different kinds of vectors used for gene transfer.
d. Discuss different techniques available for isolation of genes.


4. Answer the following: 12x5=60

a. Describe correlation and regression with special reference to their role in analysis of data.
b. Describe in brief basic principle of theory of evolution given by Charles Darwin.
c. What are molecular markers? How they can be used in Plant Breeding programs?
d. Write a note on sex-chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance.
e. Describe structure of Mitochondria. Why they are called "Power House" of a cell.



5. Answer any three of the following is note more than 250 words each: 20x3=60

a. Write a detailed note of biological nitrogen fixation and its significance.
b. Describe the mechanisms of trapping of solar energy by green plants.
c. What re Enzymes? Given an account of classification ofEnzymes.
d. Write an illustrative note on Photoperiodism and its significance with reference to flowering in plants. e. What is the molecular basis of fruit ripening. Can it be manipulated? Give methods.


6. Answer the following questions: 15x4=60
a. Define Global Warming. How it affects the climate change?
b. Define Plant Succession with special reference to an aquatic ecosystem.
c. what are the methods of phytoremediation ofpoHution.
d. Define pollution and enumerate reasons of air poHution.


7. Answer the following: 12x5=60
a. Describe bio geochemical cycles,enumerating their signific,mce.
b. WriteshortnoteonlProjectTiger'What is the present status?
c. What is the importance of developing National Parks and Reserved Forests?
d. Define RET species. What type of efforts are required to ave an endangered species.
e. What do you know about social forestry? Can it be instrumental in reinstating depletion in Bio diversity?


8. Write notes on the following: 12x5=60

a. Define endemic species and their significance for local ecosystems.
b. Write a note on intellectual property right and its legal frame work.
c. Describe Calvin Cycle. How the cycle differs from Hatch Slack Cycle?
d. What is Photorespiration? Write a note on its significance.
e. Define oxidative Phosphorylation. How it differs from Photo­phosphorylation? illustrate both.


Botany
Paper


1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 250 words each: 20x3=60
a. DiscussEconomicimportance of cyanobacteria
b. Explain significance ofMicrobiology in Agriculture
c. Describe structure of a Bacteriophage
d. Write a brief note on Fungaltoxins
e. Define a Plasmid. Describe its role in 'gene transfer' with the help of an example

2. Distinguish between the following: 12x5=60
a. Algae and Fungi
b. Obligate and Facultative parasite
c. Pbycomycetes,mdAscomycetes
d. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
e. MycoplasmaandVirus


3. Answer the following: 15x4=60

a. Give an illustrated account of types of prothallus (gametophytes) in Lycopodium b. Describe the Stelar system in Pteridophyte with the help of diagrams c. Under any recognised scheme of classification classify Gymnosperms.Add a note on their distribution d. Describe any two fossil Gymnosperms 4. Write critical notes on the following: a. Elators and.their role b. Vegetative propogation in BRYOPHYTES c. Sporophyte ofAnthoceros d. Heterospory and its significance e. Special features of sporophyte of Marchantia. Draw neat, labelled diagram


SECTION-B
5. Answer any three the following in not more than 250 words each: 20x3=60

a. Give major differences between C3 C4 plants
b. Describe anamolous secondary growth in Discounts with the help of two
examples
c. What is an Embryo-Sac? Describe different types ofEmbryo-Sacs
d. Write note on development ofEndosperm and its function
e. Give Characteristic features of family Asclepiadaceae

6. Answer the following questions: 15 x4=60
a. Write a brief note on Ethnobotany and its role in human welfare
b. Give merits and demerits ofHutchinson's Systems of classification
2

c.
What do you understand by a Herbarium? Write a note on Indian Herbaria

d.
Write the names ofatleasttenBotanicalgardens of the world with at least five from India


7. Write explanatory notes on the following:
a.
Justify the statement "Bacteria are our friends as well as foes"

b.
Describe lytic and lysogenic cycle of viral infection

c.
Differentiate betweenProkaryotes andEukaryotes

d.
Describe any two plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens

e.
How transformation and transduction differ from each other


8. Write the correct botanical name and the family to which it belongs, and the parts used for each of the following:
a. Tulsi
b. Neem
c. Ashwagandba
d. Gwarpatha
e. Aanwla f Garlic
g. Ginger
h. Turmeric
1. Rose
J. Cotton