FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2018

POSSESSION/USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE EXAMINATION HALL.
OPHTHALMOLOGY
PAPER-I
TIME: 3 HOURS OPH/J/18/26/I
MAX. MARKS: 100
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
This question paper consists of 10 questions divided into Part "A" and part each part
containing 5 questions.
Answers to questions of part A and part B are to be strictly attempted in separate answer sheet(s)
and the main supplementary answer sheet(s) used for each part must be tagged separately.
Answers to question(s) of Part A attempted in answer sheet(s) of part B or Vice versa shall not be
evaluated.
Answer sheets of Part A and Part B are not to be tagged together.
Part A and Part B should be mentioned only on the covering page of the respective answer sheets.
Attempt all questions in order.
Each question carries 10 marks.
Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
Answer all the parts of a single question together.
Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
PART A
1. Anatomical structure of upper eyelid.
Its blood supply, venous drainage lymphatic drainage.
Clinical implications of its blood supply.

2. Anatomy of the medial wall of orbit.
What is its importance in Orbital decompression?
What is the most common cause of severe bleed during
external DCR?

3. Detailed structure of retinal rods and cones.
Their distribution over the retina.
Implications in vision quality with rod and cone dysfunction.

4. What are mechanisms of aqueous formation?
Detailed anatomy of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm
canal.
Optical principle to see the angle structures.

5. What is a "Randomized Control Trial"?
What is randomization and why is it required?
What are confounding factors in a study and how to avoid
them?


6. What is anisocoria and indications for its investigation?
Give the physiological basis and causes of Light-near reflex
dissociation.

7. Name 3 commonly used Ophthalmic preservatives in topical
medication.
What are the adverse effects of preservatives in ophthalmic
medications?
What are the various means of preventing these adverse
effects?

8. What is AC:A ratio for convergence?
What are the methods of measuring it?
Briefly discuss the disorders resulting from altered AC:A
ratio.

9. What is the principle of Optical Coherence Biometry?
Which Ophthalmic equipment uses this principle?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of
biometry?

10. Metabolism of the lens in the eye.
How does the lens maintain transparency?
4+6