1. Which of the following is not a descriptive research question?

How do the students rate on critical thinking skills?

What are the students' achievement levels in science classes?

What is the educational attainment of the parents of the eighth graders?

Does critical thinking ability relate to student achievement?

2. Qualitative research includes

research questions

closed-ended questions

hypotheses

all of the above

3. Quantitative research

explores a phenomenon

describes an experience

seeks to understand a phenomenon

describes results of variables

4. The introduction of a research report is

deductive

inductive

abductive

reductive

5. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called

a dependent variable

an independent variable

a control variable

a mediating variable

6. A list of research sources that includes concise description and evaluation of each source is termed

references

annotated bibliography

works cited

bibliography

7. Which of the following is not a component of argument in research?

claim

reasons

evidence

examples

8. Research writing tends to be complex and dense because

of abstract ideas/reasons linked by "verbs of being" in condensed sentences.

of human actors carrying out actions/processes in dynamically linked sequences of clauses.

of high grammatical intricacy and low lexical density.

of all the above.

9. Likert-scale is an example of

qualitative research design

closed-ended questionnaire

open-ended questionnaire

semi-structured interview schedule

10. Which of the following is not a reason for conducting a pilot study?

to fine-tune the final version of the questionnaire in order to eliminate ambiguous, too difficult/easy, or irrelevant items

to increase the validity and reliability of research findings

to improve the clarity of the item wordings and the instructions.

to time the completion of the questionnaire

11. Which of the following is not an example of probability sampling?

convenience sampling

simple random sampling

stratified random sampling

cluster sampling

12. Statistical significance denotes

whether a particular result is powerful enough to indicate a more generalizable phenomenon.

that we cannot be certain whether a phenomenon has occurred in the particular sample only because of chance.

whether a particular result is not powerful enough to indicate a generalizable phenomenon.

All of the above.

13. Which of the following does not characterize quantitative research?

Researcher and object of study are independent.

Reality exists, but we perceive it imperfectly and incompletely.

Replicability is a means of testing truth.

Research findings are mediated by social values.

14. Graphing data, like tabulating data

is helpful in the construction of theoretical framework.

is helpful in the calculation in the mean, mode and median.

allows for the communication of large quantities of data succinctly.

allows for the calculation of standard deviation.

15. In which of the following does the focus of research emerge during data collection and analysis?

quantitative research

qualitative research

survey research

cross-sectional research

16. Which of the following is not a function of literature review?

To critique the previous research literature

To compare the results of proposed study to those of previous research

To identify a gap, a problem, a need in the research literature

To provide a rationale for doing the proposed study

17. Participants were 18 Chinese university English language learners "successful" and 9 "unsuccessful"). Data were collected through focus group interviews (two per 'student), diaries in which participants reflected on their language learning, and follow-up emails. Results from analyzing the first interview and diaries determined questions for the second interview. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. (Humphreys Hamp-Lyons 2004: 227) The above excerpt is an example of

Qualitative research design

Quantitative research design

Mixed method research design

Experimental research design 3

18. What is the function of the citation in the excerpt given below? According to Ellis and Barkhuizen drawing a visualization or model of the data is beneficial because it can facilitate an understanding of the results and also forces the researcher to fine-tune how he or she has interpreted the data.

Attribution

Evaluation

Comparison

Establishing links between sources

19. What in "Gunnarsson 2001 c" refer to in the following excerpt? Fant's and Borestam's conclusions can thus be seen as pointing to a more general problem involving the conseqeunces for small languages and small national discourse communities of the dominance of English and the American culture (cf. Gunnarsson 200 1c).

It refers to the alphabetical order of Gunnarsson's work.

It refers to the third work of Gunnarsson in the year 2001.

It refers to the alphabetical order of references listed at the end of the paper.

It refers to the third reference in the alphabetical order given at the end of paper.

20. Which of the abstract types summarizes the key information from every major section of a research report?

indicative abstract

informative abstract

unstructured abstract

critical abstract

21. Which of the following do not figure in a peer-reviewed journal?

research reports

review articles

feature articles

book reviews

22. A paper that deals with new/established abstract principles related to a specific field of knowledge is a

research paper

theoretical paper

review paper

book review

23. Control group can be employed in

Longitudinal research

Survey research

Experimental research

Ethnographic research

24. Deductive logic proceeds from

General to General

Particular to General

General to Particular

Particular to Particular

25. If a researcher replicates a study and the findings are the same as the original study, he/she can confidently conclude that

the findings have increased our knowledge of the original findings.

the original findings are replicable.

nothing can be said with confidence about the study.

the findings explain the cause of the original findings.

26. A sampling method of building up a sample of a special population by using an initial set of members as informants is known as

purposive sampling

convenience sampling

quota sampling

snowball sampling

27. An interview in which the interviewer encourages the respondent to talk freely about a given topic is a/an

structured interview

unstructured interview

focused interview

clinical interview

28. In a study with a Null hypothesis the researcher argues that the performance of two or more groups

does not differ.

differs only slightly.

differs non-significantly.

differs significantly.

29. To increase the likelihood of obtaining a significant result, you should have

a large difference between the groups

small variability within groups

both of the above are true

none of the above is true

30. A study is meant to look at the time taken by male and female participants to learn a grammar rule. If the participants indicate the number of weeks they take to learn the rule, the results can be compared using which of the following options?

means

percentages

medians

modes

31. Compared to quantitative reports, qualitative research reports are

more objective

less interpretive

less biased

more reflective

32. Which of the following describes correctly the phases of qualitative research?

Identifying and stating the research problem, planning, data collection, data analysis, writing the results.

Planning, begin the data collection, revise focus of study as needed, continue data collection, revise focus of study as needed, complete data collection, data analysis, writing.

Identify the research hypothesis, data collection, data analysis, conclusions, writing.

Planning, identifying the problem, data collection, writing.

33. Which of the following is not a general feature of qualitative research?

inflexible design

naturalistic inquiry

holistic perspective

personal contact and insight

34. Which of the following is an example of primary data?

book

journal

advertisement

all the above

35. Data related to human beings are called

individual data

demographic data

organizational data

marginal data

36. Which of the following contrasts is used to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research?

numbers vs words

behaviour vs meaning

traditional vs modem

artificial vs natural

37. A researcher wants to study the relationship between age and willingness to communicate. She classifies her population into different age groups and she takes a random sample from each group in order. Which technique of sampling is she working with?

random sampling

cluster sampling

stratified random sampling

systematic sampling

38. In data distribution the difference between the highest and lowest score is

mode

standard deviation

median

range

39. A conceptual framework for a research study includes

the theoretical framework for research study

the scope of the research study

the description of the research site

the purpose of the study

40. Purposive sampling, quota sampling, convenient sampling and snowball sampling are examples of

non-probability sampling

cluster sampling

systematic sampling

probability sampling

41. Metalanguage knowledge refers to

understanding a language

communicating in a language

talking about a language

expressing oneself in a language

42. Learner-centred methods do not focus on

Information-gap activities

Reasoning-gap activities

Contextualized drills

Decontextualized drills.

43. N.S. Prabhu emphasized that grammar learning

need not be conscious

needs to be conscious

is always conscious

is never conscious

44. The principle of post-method believes that method is

a-historical

contextual

universal

neutral 7

45. 'Necessities', and form part of

environmental analysis

needs analysis

curriculum design analysis

assessment analysis

46. Code switching can happen between

varieties of the same language

only two languages

three or more languages

all of the above

47. Bernstein, the British sociologist is known for his

theory of standard language

elaborated and restricted code

theories on language planning

theory of language games

48. A speech community can be defined as

a community that shares the same language

a group of people who regularly communicate with one another

a community that speaks the same dialect

all the above

49. Read the statements below and choose which among them is not a fallacy in the post colonial English teaching context.

The earlier English is taught, the better the results.

The more English is taught, the better the results.

If other languages are used much, the standards of English will drop.

All the above

50. The concept, Linguicism, can be most effectively related to

racism in language

language death

change in language

ideology in language.

51. Bilingualism has been studied in-depth by

Macaulay

Michael West

Harold Palmer

Henry Sweet.

52. The ZPD theory of Vygotsky implies that

socia-cultural context boosts learning.

skills are difficult to learn by oneself

guidance from knowledgeable person encourages learning

all the above

53. According to Ferdinand Saussure, the signifier is the

word image

sound image

concept

idea

54. Diglossia is a situation where

speakers use two different languages in different situations

speakers use two varieties of the same language in different situations

both and

neither

55. Which of the following is not an artificial language

Esperanto

Amasian

Armenian

Sign language

56. "Seema hit a man with a stick". The ambiguity here can be explained by giving different

syntactic phrase structures

semantics of specific words

sounds of specific words

structural patterns of words

57. "The girl picked the flowers". In this sentence, " the girl" is the

patient

agent

instrument

source

58. When "driver" is derived from "drive", why is "sponsorer" not derived from "sponsor"? Because

it is an accidental gap.

-er cannot attach to disyllabic words.

the structure will give rise to repetition of similar sounds.

there is a synonym in the language.

59. "ksin" cannot be a word in English because of

phonotactic constraints

morphological constraints

generative constraints

arbitraty reasons.

60. Which ofthe following assumptions forms part of Critical Discourse Analysis?

Language is opaque.

Language is transparent.

Language is inadequate.

Language is descriptive.

SECTION C ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer anyone of the following questions in about 1500 words

1. Discuss in what way English language studies is similar to and/or different from English Linguistics, ELT and Applied Linguistics.

2. How do Realia help in the Teaching of English in India? What kinds of material are generally used as part of this approach? Why?

3. Discuss the need and relevance of multilingual education in rural India.

4. What differences would be apparent when both weak and strong bilinguals indulge in code-switching? Support your answer using your knowledge of theories of bilingualism.

5. Why should Englishes spoken in India be classified as Indian Englishes while British English and American English are not characterised as constituting several varieties?

6. Continuous assessment obviates the need for summative examionations. Do you agree with this view? Explain your position.

7. In the digital era of communication, what is the role of punctuation? Is it necessary to spend time and effort teaching and learning punctuation in English? Explain.

8. "English did not march to India at the head of a conquering army. Neither did a iOyal decree establish it here. English gathered popular support in India from the economic opportunities it created for its users". Comment.

9. Evaluate the efficacy of a genre approach to language teaching and learning.

10. Would language learning be better with a prescribed textbook or with materials drawn from different sources to meet learners' needs? Explain