Explain Bragg's law of diffraction of X-rays by a crystal with suitable diagram.

Differentiate between normal and reverse zoning in minerals with neat sketches.

Discuss with the help of neat diagram the IUGS classification of phaneritic ultrabasic rocks.

What is the process of recrystallization? Discuss the textures associated with the contact metamorphism.

Describe the common structures of sedimentary rocks with neat sketches and also comment on their significance.

Describe the structural classification of silicates with neat sketches and mineralogical examples.

Give an account of the crystal structure, chemical composition and optical properties of the minerals of the feldspar group.

With a suitable diagram, explain how the optic sign of a uniaxial mineral is determined.

Give various types of granitoids and discuss the classification based on tectonic settings. Add a note on the role of mantle in the genesis of granitoids.

Discuss metamorphic facies and series. Citing mafic assemblages of low grades, distinguish greenschist facies of metamorphism from prehnite­ pumpellyite facies of metamorphism.

Discuss the mineralogy, chemical characters and origin of carbonatites. Give suitable Indian examples.

Discuss the processes of diagenesis and lithification.

Give an account of the Proterozoic sedimentary basins of India.

Differentiate between molasse and flysch facies.

What are stratiform and strata-bound deposits? Explain with suitable examples.

Describe the geological characteristics of. important types of manganese deposits in the Indian shield.

What are the field evidences of mineralization which can be useful in mineral prospecting?

Discuss the texture, composition and types of aerolites, Comment upon the significance of chondrites.

Discuss coal mine water pollution and its impact on groundwater regime, Comment on the preventive measures to be taken to control groundwater pollution.

Write a detailed account on the geology and genesis of porphyry copper deposits.

Describe the geological characteristics of any three important types of uranium deposits in India. Draw neat sketches illustrating the geological setting of these deposits.

What are oil and gas windows? Explain with suitable diagram.

What are the criteria based on which indicator elements are selected for geochemical exploration of mineral deposits? Describe any two methods of interpreting geochemical data for recognition of geochemical anomaly.

Describe the objectives of detailed exploration stage of a mineral exploration programme. Add a note on exploratory mining and its application.

Draw a typical flowchart of a mineral beneficiation process and briefly explain its components.

Discuss different kinds of interatomic linkages. What are the principles of crystal structures? Comment upon the rules that govern atomic substitution of trace elements in silicates.

What is high-level nuclear waste? How is it managed and safely disposed in a geological repository? Add a note on its Indian scenario.

What do you understand by incompatibility of elements? Comment upon High Field Strength and Large Ion Lithophile elements.