1. Explain briefly the principles of design of the following:

Mid-span section of a girder

End block of a girder

Deck slab in 'gap slab' type of deck

2. What are the different types of expansion bearings for girder bridges State the circumstances under which each would be appropriate.

How will you design the deck slab of a skew culvert, if the angle of skew is





Typically layout a skew slab bridge with skew angle 10°.

4. Determine the design discharge after computing the maximum discharge by

Empirical Method and

Rational Method for the following data:

Catchment area 160 km^2 0·67)
Distance of site from coast 12 km 6·8)
Distance of critical point to bridge site 16 km
Difference in elevation between the critical point and the bridge site 96 m
Peak intensity of rainfall 60 mm/hr
0·30.

5. Design the deck slab for one span for a T-beam bridge to be built on a rural section of a State highway. The bridge consists of five spans of 14·5 m. Assume moderate exposure and cement concrete wearing course. Clear roadway 7·5 Three T-beams spaced at 2·5 m interval, Effective span of T-beam 14·5 m. Assume five cross beams at 3·625 m intervals. Use M-25 grade concrete and Fe-415 steel. Clear cover to reinforcement 40 mm. Thickness of slab 215 mm, Thickness of wearing course 75 mm.

6. Describe Courbon's method for load distribution and indicate its limitations.

7. Write short notes on any two of the following:

Normal Depth of Scour

Culverts (RC. pipe)

Comments on the design of the Tacoma Narrows first bridge which failed