1. What do you understand by active and passive earth pressure? How will you determine these in clay and sandy soils

2. Explain the methods of improvement of soil bearing capacity.

3. A square footing 2·5 m x 2·5 m is built in a homogeneous bed of sand (loose) of unit weight 16 kN/m^3 and the angle of shearing resistance is 25°. The depth of the base of footing is 1·5 m below the ground surface. Calculate the safe load that can be carried by a footing with a factor of safety of 3 against complete shear failure. Use Terzaghi's analysis. For 0 14·8, 5·6 and 3·2.

4. A n-pile group has to be proportioned in a uniform pattern in soft clay with equal spacing in all directions. Assuming any value of determine the optimum value of spacing of piles in group. Take n =25 and m =0·7. Neglect the end bearing effect and assume that each pile is circular in section.

5. Explain the importance of initial and final settlement. On what factors does the effect of settlement of soil depend

6. Discuss briefly the field vane shear test.

7. Discuss the basis for selection of different types of foundations in detail.

8. Explain in brief the design considerations of well foundations for bridge project.

9. What are the causes of settlement? Write the limitations of settlement computation.

10. Write short notes on any two of the following:

Negative Skin Friction

Cohesive and Cohesionless Soils

Disturbed and Undisturbed Sample