What are the applications of hydrographic surveying?

What is Sounding? Discuss the equipments required for the measurement of Depth.

2. To determine the elevation of the following observations were made in a tacheometric survey, the staff being held vertically. The instrument is fitted with anallactic lens and the value of the constant is 100.

<img src='./qimages/15435-2.jpg'>

Calculate the reduced level of A.

3. Why are transition curves provided at the ends of a circular curve Derive an expression for the length of a transition curve.

4. Explain "Reduction to Centre" applied to triangulation.

5. An instrument was set-up at point A with horizontal sight and when the staff was held at a BM of 500 reading was 3·56 m. The distance of point P from A was 2500 m and P was at angle of elevation 5° 30'. Determine the RL of P. Apply Curvature and Refraction corrections.

6. Define the following astronomical terms

The Celestial Horizon

Zenith

Celestial Equator

Latitude

7. Explain the terms "passive remote sensing" and "active remote sensing". Discuss the different types of sensors used in remote sensing.

8. Explain the term Aerial Photogrammetry. Write the steps for flight planning for aerial photograph.

9. Write short notes on any two of the following:

Total Station and its various components

Types of EDM instruments

Types of vertical curves

10. Write short notes on any four of the following:

Subtense Bar

Parallax

Primary and Secondary Triangulation

Marking a Triangulation Station

Radiometric Resolution