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. ······· . -··· .... 1 .... 5 1. I D-VSF-L-TR I
GENERAL ENGLISH
I Time Allowed Three Hours I !Maximum Marks: 3001
INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt ALL questions.
The number of marks carried by each question
is indicated at the end ofthe question.
Answers must be written in ENGLISH.
Note: You must not disclose your identity in
any of your answers in any way.
1.Write an essay, in about 800 to 1000 words, on any
one of the following topics 100
(a)Land acquisition and the rights of farmers.
(b)The place of Indian Universities in global
education.
(c)The effect of Green Revolution on our water
resources.
(d)Climate change and the responsibility of
developed countries.
(e)Should India invest in nuclear reactors in the
wake of Fukushima crisis

2.Write a letter in about 200 250 words to the General
Manager (Sales) of a car company complaining about
the delay in the delivery of a car that you had booked
six months ago.
OR
Write a report on the annual function held in your
college or company.

3.Attempt a precis of the following passage in your own
words reducing it to about one-third of its original
length. Give a suitable title and mention the exact
number of words used in your precis. The precis must
be written only on the special precis sheets provided
for the purpose and then these sheets should be
carefully fastened inside the answer book.
(Note Marks may not be awarded if the precis is
not written on the special precis sheets provided.)
Most generally understood, stratification is about
how people are placed in different social categories.
Broadly speaking, stratification takes two forms. The
first kind of stratification is based on a ranked scale
where inequality, of. one kind or the other, is the
defining factor. There is a second kind of social
ordering possible where stratification is not about
ranking or inequality. In this case the relevant social
categories that separate people are based on
conceptions of difference. If inequality is the key
feature, then the stratificatory system can be
characterized as a hierarchical one. If difference is
more important, then the various social orders face
each other as horizontal and equal blocks. A ranked .
hierarchy does .not make that much sense here.
Inequalities of income or rank quite clearly
belong to the hierarchical order of stratification. In
fact, for a long time, social stratification was only
another term for· social inequality. In a ranked
hierarchy of wealth there are the rich and the poor,
and a variety of people in-between. There could also
be hierarchies of power, status, or influence. In a
power hierarchy, for instance, those at the top wield
the most power while the multitude at the bottom
have very little power, if any at all. Similar
hierarchies could also be worked out for status or
influence. In all such cases we see the geological
model of stratification at work, where one layer is
placed on top of the other, much like the Earth's
crust.
If instead of power or wealth one takes into
account forms of stratification based on· difference,
then the geological model cannot be easily invoked.
For example, linguistic differences cannot be placed in
a hierarchical order. Looked at closely, neither should
differences between men and women be understood in
terms of inequality. Sadly, however, such differences
are never always allowed to retain their horizontal
status. They usually tend to get hierarchized in
popular ·consciousness. This is where prejudice takes
over. Men are deemed to be superior to women,
certain linguistic groups are held to be less civilized
and cultivated than others, and religious bigotry
prevails, all because most of us are not conditioned to
tolerate difference qua difference.
The conceptual need to separate these two orders
arises because in the sociology of social stratification,
attention is directed to the manner in which hierarchy
and difference relate to each other. If hierarchy and
difference could hold on to their respective terrains
then there would be no . real need to study
stratification as a special area of interest. If it is
hierarchy alone that is of interest, then 'social
inequality' would be a good enough rubric within
which to organize our study. If, on the other hand, it
is only difference that is of concern then the tried and
tested term 'social differentiation' . should do
adequately. The term 'social stratification', however, is
not a synonym of either social inequality or of social
differentiation.
As social stratification is about the way hierarchy
and difference continuously act upon each other, we
are sensitized to issues of social stability and order,
as well as to potentialities for social change. It is
because of this dual aspect that social stratification
occupies such a central position both in sociology and
social anthropology. The scope for change and
dynamism differs vastly with different kinds of
stratification systems.
Social stratification is also of critical academic
concern as there are no known societies today that are
not stratified in one form or another. One can, of
course, imagine a world where there are no
inequalities, but if that world were also to be
characterized by sameness then it would certainly be
a very boring place to live in. Utopians of all stripes
are keen to further an image of a society ·that knows
no hierarchical or class differences. Yet they would
baulk at the notion that these societies should be free
of differences and variations. In a Utopia, differences
would not carry traces of hierarchy in them. One
could with equal facility, and without prejudice, move
from being a fisherman to a poet or from one religious
set of beliefs to another.
Write ten sentences using each of the following
words 1x10=10
(i)serial
(ii)cereal
(iii)ensure
(iv)Insure
(v)imminent
(vi)eminent
(vii)beach
(viii)beech
(ix)course
(x)coarse
(b)Change the following words into adjectives 1x5=5
(i)beauty
(ii)haste
(iii)friend
(iv)noise
(v)faith
(c)Fill in the blanks with appropriate words lx5=5
wasn't your fault. It was
accident.
(ii)There are millions of stars in
space.
(iii)I don't like stories have___unhappy endings.
(iv)Rakesh's English is excellent. He speaks
English___
(v)There is on the table.
(d)Write down the appropriate words which stand
for the names of the young ones of the following
birds and animals lx5=5
(i)cat
(ii)duck
(iii)lion
(iv)goose
(v)deer
5.(a)Write down the nouns of the following words lx5=5
(i)true
(ii)beautiful
(iii)argue
(iv)wise
(v)judge
(b)Use the following phrasal verbs to form sentences
(i)turn on
(ii)take off
(iii)drop in
(iv)carry out
(v)call off

(c)Rewrite the following sentences after correcting
all grammatical errors lx10=10

(i)Sachin is a batsman par excellence, isn't it
(ii)Where you have kept the apples
(iii)If I would have gone to Amritsar, I would
have brought a jacket for her.
(iv)She asked we that why we had not written to her.
(v)Her mother was nurse in this hospital.
(vi)Unless you work hard, you will pass.
(vii)I am reading this book for the last five days.
(viii) My mother is seeing the TV.
(ix)There is. not some milk in the bottle.
Apple is good for health.
Rewrite the following sentences as directed 2x10=20
(i)Can I have milk in my tea, please
(Fill in the blank with an appropriate word)
(ii)She said to him, "Get me a cup of tea."
(Change it into the indirect speech)
(iii)Monica said to me, "When will. you come again
(Change it into the indirect speech)
The college has announced a new fee structure.
(Change it into the passive voice)
must obey the law.
(Change it into the passive voice)
(vi)That we attend the lecture is important.
(Rewrite the sentence beginning with
I could meet you at the airport.
(Change it into a yes-no question)
(viii)If you visit your grandmother, I'll help you.
(Use 'Unless' in place of
She told me that I should finish the work.
(Use 'to-infinitive' for the underlined words)
(x)Rita met Mohan at the railway station.
(Change the sentence into a wh-question)

Write the antonyms of the following words
(i)heavy
(ii)regular
(iii)safe
(iv)logical
(v)beautiful