1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives.

Mass density of liquid is given by

p mass/volume

p metric slug/m4

p kg sec^3/m^4

All of the above

An ideal flow of any fluid must fulfil the following:

Newton's law of motion

Pascal's law

Continuity equation

Newton's law of viscosity

The dimensions of coefficient of viscosity

M^1

M^1 T

M^1 T^1

L^1 T^1

hL is the equation of

Loss of head due to bends

Loss of head due to sudden contraction

Loss of head due to sudden enlargement

Loss of head due to friction

The velocity of water, if discharge is 0·04 cumecs and diameter of the pipe is 15 cm is

3·265 m/sec

2·265 m/sec

4·265 m/sec

1·265 m/sec

The sum of potential head and pressure head at a point is called

Hydraulic gradient line

Total hydraulic head

Piezometric head

Energy gradient line

Venturimeter has the advantage of

Small head loss

Low cost

Convenient use

Low coefficient value

Mercury does not wet glass. This is due to the property of liquid known as

Adhesion

Cohesion

Viscosity

Surface tension

The flow at critical depth in an open channel is

Maximum

Minimum

Zero

Half of the normal flow

The hydraulic radius in the case of an open channel with great width is equal to

the depth of channel

1/2 the depth of channel

1/3rd the depth of channel

1/4th the depth of channel

Continuity equation for an incompressible fluid is (where A Area, V Velocity, P Density)

A1V1=A2V2

P1A1V1 p2A2V2

A1V1/p1 A2V2/p2

P1A1/V1 p2A2/V2

Capillary action is due to the

Surface tension

Cohesion

Adhesion of liquid molecules and molecules on the surface of solid

All of the above

Flow meters based on obstruction principle, like orifice plates can be used with Reynolds number upto approximately

500

1000

2000

4000

Hydraulic mean depth or the hydraulic radius is the ratio of

Area: of cross-section of flow to the wetted perimeter

Wetted perimeter to the area of cross-section

Area of cross-section to the discharge

Discharge to the area of cross-section

2. Answer any two of the following:

Describe the Absolute pressure, Gauge pressure and Vacuum pressure.

10 m^3 of kerosene oil weighs 78·48 kN. Calculate its specific weight,mass density and specific gravity.

Determine the resultant of the following four co-planar concurrent forces

Force of 15 N acting along X-axis

Force of 25 N acting along Y-direction

Force of 20 N acting at an angle of 30° with X-axis

Force of 10 N acting at an angle of 60° with X-axis

3. Answer any two of the following:

Describe the principle of conservation of energy.

The velocity of a body of mass 100 kg changes from 2 m/s to 4 m/s in the same direction, in a time of 25 seconds. Determine the applied force and the impulse.

A reservoir discharges water through a large orifice 1 m wide and 1·5 m deep. The top of the orifice is 0·80 m below the water level in the reservoir. Assuming that the downstream water level is below the bottom of the orifice, calculate the discharge through the orifice, if Cd =0·60.

A circular orifice of 3·5 cm diameter is made in the vertical wall of a tank. The jet falls vertically through 0·5 while moving horizontally through a distance of 1·5 m. Calculate the coefficient of velocity, if the head causing flow is 1·2 metres. If the discharge is 2·80 x cumecs, calculate Cc and Cd.

A pipe, carrying water, suddenly enlarges from a diameter of 40 cm to 60 cm. If the discharge is 0·615 cumecs, calculate the loss of head due to sudden enlargement.

A 10 cm diameter external cylindrical mouthpiece discharges under a head of 4 m. Determine the discharge and the pressure at the vena contracta.

Take C 0·60 and Atm. pressure =10·3 m of water.

5. Answer any two of the following:

Find the loss of head due to friction in a pipe of 8 cm diameter and 30 m long, if the mean velocity of flow is 2 m/sec. Use Chezy's formula. Take C =55.

A cylindrical boiler of diameter 2 m and length 10 m is lying in the horizontal position with its axis horizontal. The boiler is half full of water and is to be emptied through an orifice at the bottom. Area of the orifice is 44·2 cm^2 and the coefficient of discharge is 0·62. How long will it take to empty the boiler?

A circular sewer with diameter 0·5 m is laid at a slope of 1 in 225. What is the maximum velocity of flow that can occur? What would be the discharge at this velocity Take C 60.