1.1 Define databases in the context of library and information science. Explain the features that are important for a database to possess. Describe different levels of database architecture.

OR

1.2 Discuss the meaning of file organization and the implications of access method on it. Describe different file access methods.

2.1 What are data models? Explain the three data models referred to as classical models.

OR

2.2 Describe the activities of computerised circulation management model and its advantages.

3.1 Discuss the importance of news alerting service for different user groups. Describe different sources for news based services in internet environment.

OR

3.2 What do you understand by digital reference service? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two of its broad categories. Give two examples of each category.

4.1 What are computer viruses? What are its main classes? Suggest some tips for avoiding the viruses.

OR

4.2 Describe briefly the Internet-based communication services.

5. Write short notes on any three of the following (in about 300 words each)

Information retrieval vs. data retrieval

Open source solutions

Image compression protocols

e -print archives

Virtual reference work