IAS Prelims 2013 Paper GS PAPER 1


1. What will follow if a Money Bill is substantially amended by the Rajya Sabha?
The Lok Sabha may still proceed with the Bill, accepting or not accepting the recommendations of the Rajya Sabha
The Lok Sabha cannot consider the Bill further
The Lok Sabha may send the Bill to the Rajya Sabha for reconsideration
The President may call a joint sitting for passing the Bill

2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
In India, the same person cannot be appointed as Governor for two or more States at the same time
The Judges of the High Court of the States in India are appointed by the Governor of the State just as the Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President
No procedure has been laid down in the Constitution of India for the removal of a Governor from his/her post
In the case of a Union Territory having a legislative setup, the Chief Minister is appointed by the Lt. Governor on the basis of majority support

3. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
Geographical Region
Feature
Abyssinian
Plateau Arabia
Atlas
Mountains North-Western Africa
Guiana
Highlands South-Western Africa
Okavango
Basin Patagonia

4. With reference to the history of Indian rock-cut architecture, consider the following statements:
1. The caves at Badami are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India.
2. The Barabar rock-cut caves were originally made for Ajivikas by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
3. At Ellora, caves were made for different faiths.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
2 and 3

5. Recombinant DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred
1. across different species of plants
2. from animals to plants
3. from microorganisms to higher organisms
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

6. The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang) who visited India recorded the general conditions and culture of India at that time. In this context, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The roads and river-routes were completely immune from robbery.
2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by fire, water and poison were the instruments for determining the innocence or guilt of a person.
3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and barrier stations.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

7. Consider the following
1. Star tortoise
2. Monitor lizard
3. Pygmy hog
4. Spider monkey
Which of the above found in India?
2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
3 and 4

8. Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India?
1. Arsenic
2. Sorbitol
3. Fluoride
4. Formaldehyde
5. Uranium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 3 only
4 and 5 only
3 and 5 only
4 and 5

9. With reference to Indian History, the Members of the Constituent Assembly from the Provinces were
directly elected by the people of those Provinces
nominated by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies
selected by the Government for their expertise in constitutional matters

10. Consider the following animals:
1. Sea cow
2. Sea horse
3. Sea lion
Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?
1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 3

11. Consider the following statements
1. An amendment to the Constitution of India can be initiated by an introduction of a bill in the Lok Sabha only.
2. If such an amendment seeks to make changes in the federal character of the Constitution, the amendment also requires to be ratified by the legislature of all the States of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

12. Consider the following statements:
Attorney General of India can
1. take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha
2. be a member of a committee of the Lok Sabha
3. speak in the Lok Sabha
4. vote in the Lok Sabha
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 3 only

13. With reference to the usefulness of the by-products of sugar industry, which of the following statements is are correct?
1. Bagasse can be used as biomass fuel for the generation of energy.
2. Molasses can be used as one of the feedstocks for the production of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
3. Molasses can be used for the production of ethanol.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

14. Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to season are due to
the earth's rotation on its axis
the earth's revolution round the sun in an elliptical manner
latitudinal position of the place
revolution of the earth on a tilted axis

15. The Narmada river flows to the west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow to the east. Why?
1. It occupies a linear rift valley.
2. It flows between the Vindhyas and the Satpuras.
3. The land slopes to the west from Central India.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 3
None

16. On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion
is found in atmosphere as moisture and clouds
is found in freshwater lakes and rivers
exists as groundwater
exists as soil moisture

17. Consider the following pairs:
1. Nokrek Bio-
sphere Reserve Garo Hills
2. Logtak (Loktak)
Lake Barail Range
3. Namdapha
National Park Dafla Hills
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
1 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 3
None

18. Consider the following:
1. Electromagnetic radiation
2. Geothermal energy
3. Gravitational force
4. Plate movements
5. Rotation of the earth
6. Revolution of the earth
Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?
3 and 4 only
5 and 6 only
5 and 6 only
5 and 6

19. Which of the following bodies does not/do not find mention in the Constitution?
1. National Development Council
2. Planning Commission
3. Zonal Councils
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

20. The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal was for
the reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one-third
the grant of ownership of land to peasants as they were the actual cultivators of the land
the uprooting of Zamindari system and the end of serfdom
writing off all peasant debts

21. The Parliament can make any law for whole or any part of India for implementing international treaties
with the consent of all the States
with the consent of the majority of States
with the consent of the States concerned
without the consent of any State

22. In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of
insects and fungi
limited sunlight and paucity of nutrients
water limits and fire
None of the above

23. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?
Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves
Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands

24. Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in
desert margins, liable to strong wind action
low flat plains, close to stream courses, liable to flooding
scrublands, liable to spread of weed growth
None of the above

25. The Government enacted the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled
Areas (PESA) Act in 1996. Which one of the following is not identified as its objective?
To provide self-governance
To recognize traditional rights
To create autonomous regions in tribal areas
To free tribal people from exploitation

26. Under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, who shall be the authority to initiate the process for determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights or both?
State Forest Department
District Collector/Deputy Commissioner
Tahsildar /Block Development Officer Mandai Revenue Officer
Gram Sabha

27. Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds result in the production of toxins known as aflatoxins which are not generally destroyed by normal cooking process. Aflatoxins are produced by
bacteria
protozoa
moulds
viruses

28. 'Economic Justice' the objectives of Constitution has been as one of the Indian provided in
the Preamble and Fundamental Rights
the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy
the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy
None of the above

29. Due to improper indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

6 and 7 only
5 and 6 only
5 and 7 only
6 and 7

30. Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
ozone and carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide

31. With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements
1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.
2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species.
3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others.

Which of the statements given above is are correct?

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3
None

32. Consider the following pairs

National Park River flowing through the Park
1. Corbett National Park Ganga
2. Kaziranga National Park Manas
3. Silent Valley National Park Kaveri

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

1 and 2
only
1 and 3
None

33. Consider the following organisms
1. Agaricus
2. Nostoc
3. Spirogyra

Which of the above is are used as biofertilizer biofertilizers

1 and 2
2 only
2 and 3
3 only

34. Which of the following adds add nitrogen to the soil?
1. Excretion of urea by animals
2. Burning of coal by man
3. Death of vegetation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

35. In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat?
1. Tamil Nadu
2. Kerala
3. Karnataka
4. Andhra Pradesh

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
2 and 3 only
2 only
3 and 4 only
3 and 4

36. Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?
Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks
(b)Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks
Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while Vihara is the hall axial to it
There is no material difference between the two

37. Which one of the following describes best the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism?
The extinction of the flame of desire
The complete annihilation of self
A state of bliss and rest
A mental stage beyond all comprehension

38. According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country?
Fundamental Rights
Fundamental Duties
Directive Principles of State Policy
Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties

39. The people of India agitated against the arrival of Simon Commission because
Indians never wanted the review of the working of the Act of 1919
Simon Commission recommended the abolition of Dyarchy (Diarchy) in the Provinces
there was no Indian member in the Simon Commission
the Simon Commission suggested the partition of the country

40. Quit India Movement was launched in response to
Cabinet Mission Plan
Cripps Proposals
Simon Commission Report
Wavell Plan

41. The balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of
all import and transactions of a during a given period normally a year
goods exported from a country during a year
economic transaction between the government of one country to another
capital movements from one country to another

42. The Reserve Bank of India regulates the commercial banks in matters of
1. liquidity of assets
2. branch expansion
3. merger of banks
4. winding-up of banks

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
2 and 3 only
3 and 4

43. An increase in the Bank Rate generally indicates that the
market rate of interest is likely to fall
Central Bank is no longer making loans to commercial banks
Central Bank is following an easy money policy
Central Bank is following a tight money policy

44. In India, deficit financing is used for raising resources for

economic development
redemption of public debt
adjusting the balance of payments
reducing the foreign debt

45. Which of the following characterizes/ characterize the people of Indus Civilization?
1. They possessed great palaces and temples.
2. They worshipped both male and female deities.
3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

Select the correct statement/ statements using the codes given below.

1 and 2 only
2 only
2 and 3
None of the statements given above is correct

46. Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing?
1. Chikungunya
2. Hepatitis B
3. HIV-AIDS

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

47. Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine?
1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance.
2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.
3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

48. Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism, but also its functional role in the community of organisms?
Ecotone
Ecological niche
Habitat
Home range

49. Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among
NO2, 03 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
CO, 02 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
CO, CO2 and N02 at low temperature
High concentration of N02, O3 and CO in the evening

50. Consider the following minerals
1. Calcium
2. Iron
3. Sodium

Which of the minerals given above is/are required by human body for the contraction of muscles?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

51. Consider the following statements:

The Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts
1. consists of not more than 25 Members of the Lok Sabha
2. scrutinizes appropriation finance accounts of Government
3. of the Auditor examines the report Comptroller and General of India

Which of the statements given a bove is are correct?

1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
2 and 3

52. Consider the following Bhakti Saints:
1. Dadu Dayal
2. Guru Nanak
3. Tyagaraja

Who among the above was/were preaching when the Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over?
1 and 3
2 only
2 and 3
1 and 2

53. With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is are known as decomposer organism/organisms?
1. Virus
2. Fungi
3. Bacteria

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

54. The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where
warm and cold atmospheric currents meet
rivers drain out large amounts of fresh water into the sea
warm and cold oceanic currents meet
continental shelf is undulating

55. Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/characteristics of equatorial forests?
1. Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy
2. Coexistence of a large number of species
3. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

56. Which of the following constitute Capital Account?
1. Foreign Loans
2. Foreign Direct Investment
3. Private Remittances
4. Portfolio Investment

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

2 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4
3 and 4


57. Consider the following historical places:
1. Ajanta Caves
2. Lepakshi Temple
3. Sanchi Stupa

Which of the above places is are also known for mural paintings?

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3
None


58. With reference to the history of philosophical thought in India, consider the following statements regarding Sankhya school:
1 . Sankhya does not accept the theory of rebirth or transrmigration of soul.
2. Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that leads to liberation and not any exterior influence or agent.

Which of the statements given above is /are correct?

1only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

59. In the context of India, which of the following principles is/are implied institutionally in the parliamentary government?
1. Members of the Cabinet are Members of the Parliament.
2. Ministers hold the office till they enjoy confidence in the Parliament.
3. Cabinet is headed by the Head of the State.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 2 only
3 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 3

60. The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is are the reason reasons?
1. Thermal difference between land and water
2. Variation in altitude between continents and oceans
3. Presence of strong winds in the interior
4. Heavy rains in the interior as compared to coasts

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
3 and 4

61. Which of the following is are the characteristic/ characteristics of Indian coal?
1. High ash content
2. Low sulphur content
3. Low ash fusion temperature

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

62. Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct?
1 . They are generally red in colour.
2. They are rich In nitrogen and potash.
3. Tiley are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
4. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

2 and 3
3 and 4
1 and 4
2 and 3 only

63. Consider the following statements:
1. Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds.
2. Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma.
3. Dharwars are famous for petroleum.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2
2 only
2 and 3
None

64. Consider the following crops
1.Cotton
2. Groundnut
3. Rice
4.Wheat

Which of these are Kharif crops?

1 and 4
2 and 3 only
2 and 3
3 and 4

65. "Climate is extreme, rainfall is scanty and the people used to be nomadic herders."

The above statement best describes which of the following regions?

African Savannah
Central Asian Steppe
North American Prairie
Siberian Tundra

66. Consider the following statements
1. Inflation benefits the debtors.
2. Inflation benefits the bond-holders.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

67. Disguised unemployment generally means

large number of people remain unemployed
alternative employment is not available
marginal productivity of labour is zero
productivity of workers is low

68. Consider the following statements:

1. The Council of Ministers in the Centre shall be collectively responsible to the Parliament.
2. The Union Ministers shall hold the office during the pleasure of the President of India.
3. The Prime Minister shall communicate to the President about the proposals for Iegislation.

Which of the Statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1,2 and 3

69. Consider the following statements:
1. National Development Council is an organ of the Planning Commission.
2. The Economic and Social Planning is kept in the Concurrent List in the Constitution of India.
3. The Constitution of India prescribes that Panchayats should be assigned the task of preparation of plans for economic development and social justice.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1,2 and 3

70. Consider the following statements:
1. The Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha are not the members of that House.
2. While the nominated members of the two Houses of the Parliament have no voting right in the presidential election, they have the right to vote in the election of the Vice President.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

71. With reference to National Legal Services Authority, consider the following statements
1.Its objective is to provide free and competent legal services to the weaker sections of the society on the basis of equal opportunity.
2.It issues guidelines for the State Legal Services Authorities to implement the legal programmes and schemes throughout the country.

Which of the statements given above is are correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

72. During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the skies is produced by the
1. meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky
2. lightning that separates the nimbus clouds
3. violent upward movement of air and water particles

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 3
None of the above produces the thunder

73. Consider the following pairs
Tribe State
1. Limboo (Limbu) Sikkim
2. Karbi Himachal Pradesh
3. Dongaria Odisha
4. Bonda Tamil Nadu

Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
3 and 4

74. Consider the following liquid assets:
1.Demand deposits with the banks
2.Time deposits with the banks
3.Savings deposits with the banks
4.Currency

The correct sequence of these decreasing order of Liquidity is





75.In the context of Indian economy,Open Market Operations' refers to
borrowing by scheduled banks from the RBI
lending by commercial banks to industry and trade
purchase and sale of government securities by the RBI
None of the above

76. Priority Sector Lending by banks in India constitutes the lending to
agriculture
micro and small enterprises
weaker sections
All of the above

77.Which one among the following industries is the maximum consumer of water in India?
Engineering
Paper and pulp
Textiles
Thermal power

78. To obtain full benefits of demographic dividend, what should India do?
Promoting skill development
Introducing more social security schemes
Reducing infant mortality rate
Privatization of higher education

79. In the context of cultural history of India, a pose in dance and dramatics called 'Tribhanga' has been a favourite of Indian artists from ancient times till today. Which one of the following statements best describes this pose?
One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck
Facial expressions, hand gestures and make-up are combined to symbolize certain epic or historic characters
Movements of body, face and hands are used to express oneself or to tell a story
A little smile, slightly curved waist and certain hand gestures are emphasized to express the feelings of love or eroticism

80. Annie Besant was
1. responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement
2. the founder of the Theo-sophical Society
3. once the President of the Indian National Congress Select the correct statement/statements using the codes given below.

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

81.The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the

imposition restrictions the Indians of certain to carry arms by Indians
imposition of restrictions on newspapers and magazines published in Indian languages
removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian magistrates with regard to the trial of the Europeans
removal of a duty on imported cotton cloth

82. A rise in general level of prices may be caused by

1. an increase in the money supply
2. a decrease in the aggregate level of output
3. an increase in the effective demand

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 3

83. Which one of the following groups of items is included in India's foreign-exchange reserves?

Foreign-currency assets, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and loans from foreign countries
Foreign-currency assets, gold oldings of the RBI and SDRs
Foreign-currency assets, loans from the World Bank and SDRs
Foreign-currency assets, gold holdings of the RBI and loans from the World Bank

84. Which one of the following is likely to be the most inflationary in its effect?
Repayment of public debt
Borrowing from the public to finance a budget deficit
Borrowing from banks to finance a budget deficit
Creating new money to finance a budget deficit

85.Supply of money remammg the same when there is an increase in demand for money, there will be
a fall in the level of prices
an increase in the rate of interest
a decrease in the rate of interest
an increase in the level of income and employment

86.Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life because
exposure to sunlight is prevented
concentration dioxide in the is increased of carbon environment
rate of respiration is decreased
there is an increase in humidity

87. Consider the following fauna of India:
1.Gharial
2.Leatherback turtle
3.Swamp deer

Which of the above is/are endangered?
1 and 2 only
3 only
2 and 3
None

88. Ball bearings are used in bicycles, cars, etc., because
the actual between the is increased area of contact wheel and axle
the effective between the is increased area of contact wheel and axle
the effective between the is reduced area of contact wheel and axle
None of the above statements is correct

89. Consider the following phenomena:
1. Size of the sun at dusk
2. Colour of the sun at dawn
3. Moon being visible at dawn
4. Twinkle of stars in the sky
5. Polestar beingvisible in the sky

Which of the above are optical illusions?
2 and 3
4 and 5
2 and 4
3 and 5

90. Rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain.

Which of the following physical phenomena are responsible for this?
1. Dispersion
2. Refraction
3. Internal reflection

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

91. Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because
the new soil does not contain favourable minerals
most of the root hairs grip the new soil too hard
most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation
leaves get damaged during transplantation

92. Economic growth in country X will necessarily have to occur if
there is technical progress in the world economy
there is population growth in X
there is capital formation in X
the volume of trade grows in the world economy

93. Which of the following statements is are correct?
1. Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy.
2. Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
3. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

94. Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss?
1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves or no leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

95. The known forces of nature can be divided into four classes, viz, gravity electromagnetism, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force. with reference to them, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Gravity is the strongest of the four
Electromagnetism act only on particles with an electric charge
Weak nuclear force causes radioactivity
Strong nuclear force holds protons and nutrons inside the nuclear of an atom.

96. The efforts to detect the existence of Higgs boson particle have become frequent news in the recent past. What is /are the importance/importances of discovering this particle?

1. It will enable us to understand as to why elementary particles have mass.
2. It will enables us in the near future to develope the technology to transferring matter from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them.
3. It will enable us to create better fuels for nuclear fission.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

97. Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza enables the plants to
1. resist drought and increase absorptive area
2. tolerate extremes of PH
3. Resist disease infestation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3

98. Who among the following constitute the National Development Council?
1. The Prime Minister
2. The Chairman, Finance Commission
3. Ministers of the Union Cabinet
4. Chief Ministers of the States

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
2 and 3 only
3 and 4 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4

99. The national income of a country for a given period is equal to the
total value of goods and services produced by the nationals
sum of total consumption and investement expenditure
sum of personal income of all individuals
money value of final goods and services produced

100. Which of the following grants/ grant direct credit assistance to rural households
1. Regional Rural Banks
2. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
3. Land Development Banks

Select the correct anser using the codes given below:
1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3