1. Reinventing the classics.


The practice of literature in a Digital Age.
2. Fiction and cultural conflict.

No reading is innocent.



3. How has the notion of "Communicative Competence" (Dell Hymes) influenced ESL/EFL teaching scenario in India

4. What is meant by "Standard Language" Do you think Indian English has an Indian Standard for higher education in India

5. Write short notes on any three of the following methods of teaching English with specific reference to Indian undergraduate learners Direct Method Natural Method Reading Method Eclectic Method Grammar-Translation Method




3. Discuss the element of surprise in the Sophoclean tragedy.

4. Comment on Kafka's depiction of the modern city in The Trial.

5. Examine Albert Camus's fiction as an exploration of the contemporary sense of alienation.




3. Discuss the theme of marginalization in the poetry of Indian women writing in English.

4. Discuss the representation of the partition in Indian English literature.

5. Critically examine the dynamics of translating regional literatures into English as a means of transcending linguistic and cultural barriers.





3. Rugged individualism is an essential aspect of the American Hero. How is this reflected in the practice of American novelist/s

4. Discuss the relationship between literature and history with special reference to any text/s of African literature.

5. Margaret Atwood's fiction is marked by an 'aesthetics of flesh'. Discuss.




3. For literature to happen, the reader is quite as vital as the writer of the text. Discuss.

4. Write a critical note on the French school of feminism.

5. Show how a proper critique of a text cannot be separated from the cultural matrix in which the text was created.



6. Who are the University Wits
7. Give an example to show how Marvell's lyric poems are haunted by time.

8.
Indicate the condition of Gulliver after he returns to England completing all four voyages.

9.
How are the bucolic lovers presented in the "Ode on a Grecian Urn"

10.
Explain Ulysses's credo "drink life to the lees".


11. Explain the term, "Unreal City", repeatedly used by Eliot in The Waste Land.

12.
Give an example of an animal image from Ted Hughes's poetry, pointing out its significance.

13.
What do you understand by the autotelic nature of a literary text

14.
Define the term, "Phallogocentrism".



SECTION IV


There are many cumbersome ways to kill a man. You can make him carry a plank of wood to the top of a hill and nail him to it. To do this properly you require a crowd of people wearing sandals, a cock that crows, a cloak to dissect, a sponge, some vinegar and one man to hammer the nails home.

Or you can take a length of steel, shaped and chased in a traditional way, and attempt to pierce the metal cage he wears. But for this you need white horses, English trees, men with bows and arrows, at least two flags, a prince, and a castle to hold your banquet in.

Dispensing with nobility, you may, if the wind allows, blow gas at him. But then you need a mile of mud sliced through with ditches, not to mention black boots, bomb craters, more mud, a plague of rats, a dozen songs and some round hats made of steel.

In an age of aeroplanes, you may fly miles above your victim and dispose of him by pressing one small switch. All you then require is an ocean to separate you, two systems of government, a nation's scientists, several factories, a psychopath and land that no-one needs for several years.

These are, as I began, cumbersome ways to kill a man. Simpler, direct, and much more neat is to see that he is living somewhere in the middle of the twentieth century, and leave him there.

15. What is distinctive about the killing in the first stanza

16. Which method of execution is suggested by the second stanza

17. Point out the instances of irony in the third and fourth stanzas.

18. Why are all the ways called "cumbersome"

19. Comment on the assertion at the end of the poem.